liblzma: Add overflow check for Unpadded size in lzma_index_append().

This was not a security bug since there was no path to overflow
UINT64_MAX in lzma_index_append() or when it calls index_file_size().
The bug was discovered by a failing assert() in vli_ceil4() when called
from index_file_size() when unpadded_sum (the sum of the compressed size
of current Stream and the unpadded_size parameter) exceeds LZMA_VLI_MAX.

Previously, the unpadded_size parameter was checked to be not greater
than UNPADDED_SIZE_MAX, but no check was done once compressed_base was
added.

This could not have caused an integer overflow in index_file_size() when
called by lzma_index_append(). The calculation for file_size breaks down
into the sum of:

- Compressed base from all previous Streams
- 2 * LZMA_STREAM_HEADER_SIZE (size of the current Streams header and
  footer)
- stream_padding (can be set by lzma_index_stream_padding())
- Compressed base from the current Stream
- Unpadded size (parameter to lzma_index_append())

The sum of everything except for Unpadded size must be less than
LZMA_VLI_MAX. This is guarenteed by overflow checks in the functions
that can set these values including lzma_index_stream_padding(),
lzma_index_append(), and lzma_index_cat(). The maximum value for
Unpadded size is enforced by lzma_index_append() to be less than or
equal UNPADDED_SIZE_MAX. Thus, the sum cannot exceed UINT64_MAX since
LZMA_VLI_MAX is half of UINT64_MAX.

Thanks to Joona Kannisto for reporting this.

(cherry picked from commit 68bda971bb)

src/liblzma/common/index.c

@@ -660,6 +660,12 @@ lzma_index_append(lzma_index *i, const lzma_allocator *allocator,
 	if (uncompressed_base + uncompressed_size > LZMA_VLI_MAX)
 		return LZMA_DATA_ERROR;
 
+	// Check that the new unpadded sum will not overflow. This is
+	// checked again in index_file_size(), but the unpadded sum is
+	// passed to vli_ceil4() which expects a valid lzma_vli value.
+	if (compressed_base + unpadded_size > UNPADDED_SIZE_MAX)
+		return LZMA_DATA_ERROR;
+
 	// Check that the file size will stay within limits.
 	if (index_file_size(s->node.compressed_base,
 			compressed_base + unpadded_size, s->record_count + 1,