2025-04-02 13:50:53 +00:00
81 changed files with 5534 additions and 2461 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 .env
+*.gz
+.*.sw*
+.ignore

 *.pem

@ -14,4 +17,5 @@ coverage

 # Dependency directory
 # https://www.npmjs.org/doc/misc/npm-faq.html#should-i-check-my-node_modules-folder-into-git
+
 node_modules
--- a/.prettierignore
+++ b/.prettierignore
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-node_modules
-package.json
-package-lock.json
--- a/.prettierrc
+++ b/.prettierrc
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "bracketSpacing": true,
  "printWidth": 80,
  "singleQuote": true,
-  "tabWidth": 2,
+  "tabWidth": 4,
  "trailingComma": "none",
  "useTabs": true
 }
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Changelog
+
+-   v3 (Oct 2019)
+    -   Add POST-as-GET for Let's Encrypt v2 release 2 (ACME / RFC 8555)
+    -   Jump to v3 for parity with Greenlock
+    -   Merge browser and node.js versions in one
+    -   Drop all backwards-compat complexity
+    -   Move to zero-external deps, using @root packages only
+-   v1.8
+    -   more transitional prepwork for new v2 API
+    -   support newer (simpler) dns-01 and http-01 libraries
+-   v1.5
+    -   perform full test challenge first (even before nonce)
+-   v1.3
+    -   Use node RSA keygen by default
+    -   No non-optional external deps!
+-   v1.2
+    -   fix some API out-of-specness
+    -   doc some magic numbers (status)
+    -   updated deps
+-   v1.1.0
+    -   reduce dependencies (use lightweight @coolaj86/request instead of request)
+-   v1.0.5 - cleanup logging
+-   v1.0.4 - v6- compat use `promisify` from node's util or bluebird
+-   v1.0.3 - documentation cleanup
+-   v1.0.2
+    -   use `options.contact` to provide raw contact array
+    -   made `options.email` optional
+    -   file cleanup
+-   v1.0.1
+    -   Compat API is ready for use
+    -   Eliminate debug logging
+-   Apr 10, 2018 - tested backwards-compatibility using greenlock.js
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - export http and dns challenge tests
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - test http and dns challenges (success and failure)
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - test subdomains and its wildcard
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - test two subdomains
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - test wildcard
+-   Apr 5, 2018 - completely match api for acme v1 (le-acme-core.js)
+-   Mar 21, 2018 - _mostly_ matches le-acme-core.js API
+-   Mar 21, 2018 - can now accept values (not hard coded)
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - SUCCESS - got a test certificate (hard-coded)
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - download certificate
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - poll for status
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - finalize order (submit csr)
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - generate domain keypair
+-   Mar 20, 2018 - respond to challenges
+-   Mar 16, 2018 - get challenges
+-   Mar 16, 2018 - new order
+-   Mar 15, 2018 - create account
+-   Mar 15, 2018 - generate account keypair
+-   Mar 15, 2018 - get nonce
+-   Mar 15, 2018 - get directory
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal
+Copyright 2015-2019 AJ ONeal

 Mozilla Public License Version 2.0
 ==================================
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,239 +1,437 @@
-# ACME.js v3 on its way (Nov 1st, 2019)
+# Let's Encrypt&trade; + JavaScript = [ACME.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js)

-ACME.js v3 is in private beta and will be available by Nov 1st.
+| Built by [Root](https://therootcompany.com) for [Hub](https://rootprojects.org/hub)

-Follow the updates on the [campaign page](https://indiegogo.com/at/greenlock),
-and contribute to support the project and get beta access now.
+## Automated Certificate Management Environment

-| **acme-v2.js** ([npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/acme-v2))
-| [acme-v2-cli.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/acme-v2-cli.js)
-| [greenlock.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/greenlock.js)
-| [goldilocks.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/goldilocks.js)
+ACME ([RFC 8555](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8555)) is the protocol that powers **Let's Encrypt**.

-# [acme-v2.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/acme-v2.js) | a [Root](https://therootcompany.com) project
+ACME.js is a _low-level_ client that speaks RFC 8555 to get Free SSL certificates through Let's Encrypt.

-A **Zero (External) Dependency**\* library for building
-Let's Encrypt v2 (ACME draft 18) clients and getting Free SSL certificates.
+Looking for an **easy**, _high-level_ client? Check out [Greenlock.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/greenlock.js).

-The primary goal of this library is to make it easy to
-get Accounts and Certificates through Let's Encrypt.
+# Quick Start

-# Features
+```js
+var acme = ACME.create({ maintainerEmail, packageAgent, notify });
+await acme.init(directoryUrl);

- [x] Let's Encrypt&trade; v2 / ACME Draft 12
-  - [ ] (in-progress) Let's Encrypt&trade; v2.1 / ACME Draft 18
-  - [ ] (in-progress) StartTLS Everywhere&trade;
- [x] Works with any [generic ACME challenge handler](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-challenge-test.js)
-  - [x] **http-01** for single or multiple domains per certificate
-  - [x] **dns-01** for wildcards, localhost, private networks, etc
- [x] VanillaJS
-  - [x] Zero External Dependencies
-  - [x] Safe, Efficient, Maintained
-  - [x] Works in Node v6+
-  - [ ] (v2) Works in Web Browsers (See [Demo](https://greenlock.domains))
+// Create Let's Encrypt Account
+var accountOptions = { subscriberEmail, agreeToTerms, accountKey };
+var account = await acme.accounts.create(accountOptions);

-\* <small>The only required dependencies were built by us, specifically for this and related libraries.
-There are some, truly optional, backwards-compatibility dependencies for node v6.</small>
+// Validate Domains
+var certificateOptions = { account, accountKey, csr, domains, challenges };
+var pems = await acme.certificates.create(certificateOptions);

-## Looking for Quick 'n' Easy&trade;?
-
-If you want something that's more "batteries included" give
-[greenlock.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/greenlock.js)
-a try.
-
- [greenlock.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/greenlock.js)
-
-## v1.7+: Transitional v2 Support
-
-By the end of June 2019 we expect to have completed the migration to Let's Encrypt v2.1 (ACME draft 18).
-
-Although the draft 18 changes themselves don't requiring breaking the API,
-we've been keeping backwards compatibility for a long time and the API has become messy.
-
-We're taking this **mandatory ACME update** as an opportunity to **clean up** and **greatly simplify**
-the code with a fresh new release.
-
-As of **v1.7** we started adding **transitional support** for the **next major version**, v2.0 of acme-v2.js.
-We've been really good about backwards compatibility for
-
-## Recommended Example
-
-Due to the upcoming changes we've removed the old documentation.
-
-Instead we recommend that you take a look at the
-[Digital Ocean DNS-01 Example](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-v2.js/src/branch/master/examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js)
-
- [examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-v2.js/src/branch/master/examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js)
-
-That's not exactly the new API, but it's close.
-
-## Let's Encrypt v02 Directory URLs
-
-```
-# Production URL
-https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
+// Get SSL Certificate
+var fullchain = pems.cert + '\n' + pems.chain + '\n';
+await fs.promises.writeFile('fullchain.pem', fullchain, 'ascii');
 ```

-```
-# Staging URL
-https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
-```
+# Online Demo
+
+See https://greenlock.domains

 <!--
-## How to build ACME clients

-As this is intended to build ACME clients, there is not a simple 2-line example
-(and if you want that, see [greenlock-express.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/greenlock-express.js)).
+We expect that our hosted versions will meet all of yours needs.
+If they don't, please open an issue to let us know why.

-I'd recommend first running the example CLI client with a test domain and then investigating the files used for that example:
-
-```bash
-node examples/cli.js
-```
-
-The example cli has the following prompts:
-
-```
-What web address(es) would you like to get certificates for? (ex: example.com,*.example.com)
-What challenge will you be testing today? http-01 or dns-01? [http-01]
-What email should we use? (optional)
-What API style would you like to test? v1-compat or promise? [v1-compat]
-
-Put the string 'mBfh0SqaAV3MOK3B6cAhCbIReAyDuwuxlO1Sl70x6bM.VNAzCR4THe4czVzo9piNn73B1ZXRLaB2CESwJfKkvRM' into a file at 'example.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/mBfh0SqaAV3MOK3B6cAhCbIReAyDuwuxlO1Sl70x6bM'
-
-echo 'mBfh0SqaAV3MOK3B6cAhCbIReAyDuwuxlO1Sl70x6bM.VNAzCR4THe4czVzo9piNn73B1ZXRLaB2CESwJfKkvRM' > 'example.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/mBfh0SqaAV3MOK3B6cAhCbIReAyDuwuxlO1Sl70x6bM'
-
-Then hit the 'any' key to continue...
-```
-
-When you've completed the challenge you can hit a key to continue the process.
-
-If you place the certificate you receive back in `tests/fullchain.pem`
-you can then test it with `examples/https-server.js`.
-
-```
-examples/cli.js
-examples/genkeypair.js
-tests/compat.js
-examples/https-server.js
-examples/http-server.js
-```
+We'd much rather improve the app than have a hundred different versions running in the wild.
+However, in keeping to our values we've made the source visible for others to inspect, improve, and modify.

 -->

-## API
+# Features

-Status: Small, but breaking changes coming in v2
+| 15k gzipped | 55k minified | 88k (2,500 loc) source with comments |

-This API is a simple evolution of le-acme-core,
-but tries to provide a better mapping to the new draft 11 APIs.
+Supports the latest (Nov 2019) release of Let's Encrypt in a small, lightweight, Vanilla JS package.
+
+-   [x] Let's Encrypt v2
+    -   [x] ACME RFC 8555
+    -   [x] November 2019
+    -   [x] POST-as-GET
+    -   [ ] StartTLS Everywhere&trade; (in-progress)
+-   [x] IDN (i.e. `.中国`)
+-   [x] ECDSA and RSA keypairs
+    -   [x] JWK
+    -   [x] PEM
+    -   [x] DER
+    -   [x] Native Crypto in Node.js
+    -   [x] WebCrypto in Browsers
+-   [x] Domain Validation Plugins
+    -   [x] tls-alpn-01
+    -   [x] http-01
+    -   [x] dns-01
+        -   [x] **Wildcards**
+        -   [x] **Localhost**
+        -   [x] Private Networks
+    -   [x] [Create your own](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-challenge-test.js)
+-   [x] Vanilla JS\*
+    -   [x] No Transpiling Necessary!
+    -   [x] Node.js
+    -   [x] Browsers
+    -   [x] WebPack
+    -   [x] Zero External Dependencies
+-   [x] Commercial Support
+    -   [x] Safe, Efficient, Maintained
+
+\* Although we use `async/await` in the examples,
+the codebase is written entirely in Common JS.
+
+# Use Cases
+
+-   Home Servers
+-   IoT
+-   Enterprise On-Prem
+-   Web Hosting
+-   Cloud Services
+-   Localhost Development
+
+# API
+
+The public API encapsulates the three high-level steps of the ACME protocol:
+
+1. API Discovery
+2. Account Creation
+    - Subscriber Agreement
+3. Certificate Issuance
+    - Certificate Request
+    - Authorization Challenges
+    - Challenge Presentation
+    - Certificate Redemption
+
+## API Overview
+
+The core API can be show in just four functions:

 ```js
-var ACME = require('acme-v2').ACME.create({
-	// used for overriding the default user-agent
-	userAgent: 'My custom UA String',
-	getUserAgentString: function(deps) {
-		return 'My custom UA String';
-	},
-
-	// don't try to validate challenges locally
-	skipChallengeTest: false,
-	skipDryRun: false,
-
-	// ask if the certificate can be issued up to 10 times before failing
-	retryPoll: 8,
-	// ask if the certificate has been validated up to 6 times before cancelling
-	retryPending: 4,
-	// Wait 1000ms between retries
-	retryInterval: 1000,
-	// Wait 10,000ms after deauthorizing a challenge before retrying
-	deauthWait: 10 * 1000
+ACME.create({ maintainerEmail, packageAgent, notify });
+acme.init(directoryUrl);
+acme.accounts.create({ subscriberEmail, agreeToTerms, accountKey });
+acme.certificates.create({
+	customerEmail, // do not use
+	account,
+	accountKey,
+	csr,
+	domains,
+	challenges
 });
-
-// Discover Directory URLs
-ACME.init(acmeDirectoryUrl); // returns Promise<acmeUrls={keyChange,meta,newAccount,newNonce,newOrder,revokeCert}>
-
-// Accounts
-ACME.accounts.create(options); // returns Promise<regr> registration data
-
-options = {
-	email: '<email>', // valid email (server checks MX records)
-	accountKeypair: {
-		//    privateKeyPem or privateKeyJwt
-		privateKeyPem: '<ASCII PEM>'
-	},
-	agreeToTerms: function(tosUrl) {} //    should Promise the same `tosUrl` back
-};
-
-// Registration
-ACME.certificates.create(options); // returns Promise<pems={ privkey (key), cert, chain (ca) }>
-
-options = {
-	domainKeypair: {
-		privateKeyPem: '<ASCII PEM>'
-	},
-	accountKeypair: {
-		privateKeyPem: '<ASCII PEM>'
-	},
-	domains: ['example.com'],
-
-	getZones: function(opts) {}, // should Promise an array of domain zone names
-	setChallenge: function(opts) {}, // should Promise the record id, or name
-	removeChallenge: function(opts) {} // should Promise null
-};
 ```

-# Changelog
+Helper Functions

- v1.8
-  - more transitional prepwork for new v2 API
-  - support newer (simpler) dns-01 and http-01 libraries
- v1.5
-  - perform full test challenge first (even before nonce)
- v1.3
-  - Use node RSA keygen by default
-  - No non-optional external deps!
- v1.2
-  - fix some API out-of-specness
-  - doc some magic numbers (status)
-  - updated deps
- v1.1.0
-  - reduce dependencies (use lightweight @coolaj86/request instead of request)
- v1.0.5 - cleanup logging
- v1.0.4 - v6- compat use `promisify` from node's util or bluebird
- v1.0.3 - documentation cleanup
- v1.0.2
-  - use `options.contact` to provide raw contact array
-  - made `options.email` optional
-  - file cleanup
- v1.0.1
-  - Compat API is ready for use
-  - Eliminate debug logging
- Apr 10, 2018 - tested backwards-compatibility using greenlock.js
- Apr 5, 2018 - export http and dns challenge tests
- Apr 5, 2018 - test http and dns challenges (success and failure)
- Apr 5, 2018 - test subdomains and its wildcard
- Apr 5, 2018 - test two subdomains
- Apr 5, 2018 - test wildcard
- Apr 5, 2018 - completely match api for acme v1 (le-acme-core.js)
- Mar 21, 2018 - _mostly_ matches le-acme-core.js API
- Mar 21, 2018 - can now accept values (not hard coded)
- Mar 20, 2018 - SUCCESS - got a test certificate (hard-coded)
- Mar 20, 2018 - download certificate
- Mar 20, 2018 - poll for status
- Mar 20, 2018 - finalize order (submit csr)
- Mar 20, 2018 - generate domain keypair
- Mar 20, 2018 - respond to challenges
- Mar 16, 2018 - get challenges
- Mar 16, 2018 - new order
- Mar 15, 2018 - create account
- Mar 15, 2018 - generate account keypair
- Mar 15, 2018 - get nonce
- Mar 15, 2018 - get directory
+```js
+ACME.computeChallenge({
+	accountKey,
+	hostname: 'example.com',
+	challenge: { type: 'dns-01', token: 'xxxx' }
+});
+```

-# Legal
+| Parameter          | Description                                                                                                 |
+| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| account            | an object containing the Let's Encrypt Account ID as "kid" (misnomer, not actually a key id/thumbprint)     |
+| accountKey         | an RSA or EC public/private keypair in JWK format                                                           |
+| agreeToTerms       | set to `true` to agree to the Let's Encrypt Subscriber Agreement                                            |
+| challenges         | the 'http-01', 'alpn-01', and/or 'dns-01' challenge plugins (`get`, `set`, and `remove` callbacks) to use   |
+| csr                | a Certificate Signing Request (CSR), which may be generated with `@root/csr`, openssl, or another           |
+| customerEmail      | Don't use this. Given as an example to differentiate between Maintainer, Subscriber, and End-User           |
+| directoryUrl       | should be the Let's Encrypt Directory URL<br>`https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory`       |
+| domains            | the list of altnames (subject first) that are listed in the CSR and will be listed on the certificate       |
+| maintainerEmail    | should be a contact for the author of the code to receive critical bug and security notices                 |
+| notify             | all callback for logging events and errors in the form `function (ev, args) { ... }`                        |
+| packageAgent       | should be an RFC72321-style user-agent string to append to the ACME client (ex: mypackage/v1.1.1)           |
+| skipChallengeTests | do not do a self-check that the ACME-issued challenges will pass (not recommended)                          |
+| skipDryRun: false  | do not do a self-check with self-issued challenges (not recommended)                                        |
+| subscriberEmail    | should be a contact for the service provider to receive renewal failure notices and manage the ACME account |

-[acme-v2.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/acme-v2.js) |
+**Maintainer vs Subscriber vs Customer**
+
+-   `maintainerEmail` should be the email address of the **author of the code**.
+    This person will receive critical security and API change notifications.
+-   `subscriberEmail` should be the email of the **admin of the hosting service**.
+    This person agrees to the Let's Encrypt Terms of Service and will be notified
+    when a certificate fails to renew.
+-   `customerEmail` should be the email of individual who owns the domain.
+    This is optional (not currently implemented).
+
+Generally speaking **YOU** are the _maintainer_ and you **or your employer** is the _subscriber_.
+
+If you (or your employer) is running any type of service
+you **SHOULD NOT** pass the _customer_ email as the subscriber email.
+
+If you are not running a service (you may be building a CLI, for example),
+then you should prompt the user for their email address, and they are the subscriber.
+
+## Events
+
+These `notify` events are intended for _logging_ and debugging, NOT as a data API.
+
+| Event Name           | Example Message                                                                   |
+| -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `certificate_order`  | `{ subject: 'example.com', altnames: ['...'], account: { key: { kid: '...' } } }` |
+| `challenge_select`   | `{ altname: '*.example.com', type: 'dns-01' }`                                    |
+| `challenge_status`   | `{ altname: '*.example.com', type: 'dns-01', status: 'pending' }`                 |
+| `challenge_remove`   | `{ altname: '*.example.com', type: 'dns-01' }`                                    |
+| `certificate_status` | `{ subject: 'example.com', status: 'valid' }`                                     |
+| `warning`            | `{ message: 'what went wrong', description: 'what action to take about it' }`     |
+| `error`              | `{ message: 'a background process failed, and it may have side-effects' }`        |
+
+Note: DO NOT rely on **undocumented properties**. They are experimental and **will break**.
+If you have a use case for a particular property **open an issue** - we can lock it down and document it.
+
+# Example (Full Walkthrough)
+
+### See [examples/README.md](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js/src/branch/master/examples/README.md)
+
+A basic example includes the following:
+
+1. Initialization
+    - maintainer contact
+    - package user-agent
+    - log events
+2. Discover API
+    - retrieves Terms of Service and API endpoints
+3. Get Subscriber Account
+    - create an ECDSA (or RSA) Account key in JWK format
+    - agree to terms
+    - register account by the key
+4. Prepare a Certificate Signing Request
+    - create a RSA (or ECDSA) Server key in PEM format
+    - select domains
+    - choose challenges
+    - sign CSR
+    - order certificate
+
+[examples/README.md](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js/src/branch/master/examples/README.md)
+covers all of these steps, with comments.
+
+# Install
+
+To make it easy to generate, encode, and decode keys and certificates,
+ACME.js uses [Keypairs.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/keypairs.js)
+and [CSR.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/csr.js)
+
+<details>
+<summary>Node.js</summary>
+
+```js
+npm install --save @root/acme
+```
+
+```js
+var ACME = require('@root/acme');
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary>WebPack</summary>
+
+```html
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+```
+
+(necessary in case the webserver headers don't specify `plain/text; charset="UTF-8"`)
+
+```js
+var ACME = require('@root/acme');
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary>Vanilla JS</summary>
+
+```html
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+```
+
+(necessary in case the webserver headers don't specify `plain/text; charset="UTF-8"`)
+
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.all.js"></script>
+```
+
+`acme.min.js`
+
+```html
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.all.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+Use
+
+```js
+var ACME = window['@root/acme'];
+```
+
+</details>
+
+# Challenge Callbacks
+
+The challenge callbacks are documented in the [test suite](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-test.js),
+essentially:
+
+```js
+function create(options) {
+	var plugin = {
+		init: async function(deps) {
+			// for http requests
+			plugin.request = deps.request;
+		},
+		zones: async function(args) {
+			// list zones relevant to the altnames
+		},
+		set: async function(args) {
+			// set TXT record
+		},
+		get: async function(args) {
+			// get TXT records
+		},
+		remove: async function(args) {
+			// remove TXT record
+		},
+		// how long to wait after *all* TXT records are set
+		// before presenting them for validation
+		propagationDelay: 5000
+	};
+	return plugin;
+}
+```
+
+The `http-01` plugin is similar, but without `zones` or `propagationDelay`.
+
+Many challenge plugins are already available for popular platforms.
+
+Search `acme-http-01-` or `acme-dns-01-` on npm to find more.
+
+| Type        | Service                                                                             | Plugin                   |
+| ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| dns-01      | CloudFlare                                                                          | acme-dns-01-cloudflare   |
+| dns-01      | [Digital Ocean](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-digitalocean.js)      | acme-dns-01-digitalocean |
+| dns-01      | [DNSimple](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-dnsimple.js)               | acme-dns-01-dnsimple     |
+| dns-01      | [DuckDNS](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-duckdns.js)                 | acme-dns-01-duckdns      |
+| http-01     | File System / [Web Root](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-http-01-webroot.js) | acme-http-01-webroot     |
+| dns-01      | [GoDaddy](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-godaddy.js)                 | acme-dns-01-godaddy      |
+| dns-01      | [Gandi](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-gandi.js)                     | acme-dns-01-gandi        |
+| dns-01      | [NameCheap](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-namecheap.js)             | acme-dns-01-namecheap    |
+| dns-01      | [Name&#46;com](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-namedotcom.js)         | acme-dns-01-namedotcom   |
+| dns-01      | Route53 (AWS)                                                                       | acme-dns-01-route53      |
+| http-01     | S3 (AWS, Digital Ocean, Scaleway)                                                   | acme-http-01-s3          |
+| dns-01      | [Vultr](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-vultr.js)                     | acme-dns-01-vultr        |
+| dns-01      | [Build your own](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-test.js)             | acme-dns-01-test         |
+| http-01     | [Build your own](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-http-01-test.js)            | acme-http-01-test        |
+| tls-alpn-01 | [Contact us](mailto:support@therootcompany.com)                                     | -                        |
+
+# Running the Tests
+
+```bash
+npm test
+```
+
+## Usa a dns-01 challenge
+
+Although you can run the tests from a public facing server, its easiest to do so using a dns-01 challenge.
+
+You will need to use one of the [`acme-dns-01-*` plugins](https://www.npmjs.com/search?q=acme-dns-01-)
+to run the test locally.
+
+```bash
+ENV=DEV
+MAINTAINER_EMAIL=letsencrypt+staging@example.com
+SUBSCRIBER_EMAIL=letsencrypt+staging@example.com
+BASE_DOMAIN=test.example.com
+CHALLENGE_TYPE=dns-01
+CHALLENGE_PLUGIN=acme-dns-01-digitalocean
+CHALLENGE_OPTIONS='{"token":"xxxxxxxxxxxx"}'
+```
+
+### For Example
+
+```bash
+# Get the repo and change directories into it
+git clone https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js
+pushd acme.js/
+
+# Install the challenge plugin you'll use for the tests
+npm install --save-dev acme-dns-01-digitalocean
+```
+
+## Create a `.env` config
+
+You'll need a `.env` in the project root that looks something like the one in `examples/example.env`:
+
+```bash
+# Copy the sample .env file
+rsync -av examples/example.env .env
+
+# Edit the config file to use a domain in your account, and your API token
+#vim .env
+code .env
+
+# Run the tests
+node tests/index.js
+```
+
+# Developing
+
+Join `@rootprojects` `#general` on [Keybase](https://keybase.io) if you'd like to chat with us.
+
+# Contributions
+
+Did this project save you some time? Maybe make your day? Even save the day?
+
+Please say "thanks" via Paypal or Patreon:
+
+-   Paypal: [\$5](https://paypal.me/rootprojects/5) | [\$10](https://paypal.me/rootprojects/10) | Any amount: <paypal@therootcompany.com>
+-   Patreon: <https://patreon.com/rootprojects>
+
+Where does your contribution go?
+
+[Root](https://therootcompany.com) is a collection of experts
+who trust each other and enjoy working together on deep-tech,
+Indie Web projects.
+
+Our goal is to operate as a sustainable community.
+
+Your contributions - both in code and _especially_ financially -
+help to not just this project, but also our broader work
+of [projects](https://rootprojects.org) that fuel the **Indie Web**.
+
+Also, we chat on [Keybase](https://keybase.io)
+in [#rootprojects](https://keybase.io/team/rootprojects)
+
+# Commercial Support
+
+Do you need...
+
+-   more features?
+-   bugfixes, on _your_ timeline?
+-   custom code, built by experts?
+-   commercial support and licensing?
+
+You're welcome to [contact us](mailto:aj@therootcompany.com) in regards to IoT, On-Prem,
+Enterprise, and Internal installations, integrations, and deployments.
+
+We have both commercial support and commercial licensing available.
+
+We also offer consulting for all-things-ACME and Let's Encrypt.
+
+# Legal &amp; Rules of the Road
+
+ACME.js&trade; is a [trademark](https://rootprojects.org/legal/#trademark) of AJ ONeal
+
+The rule of thumb is "attribute, but don't confuse". For example:
+
+> Built with [ACME.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js) (a [Root](https://rootprojects.org) project).
+
+Please [contact us](mailto:aj@therootcompany.com) if have any questions in regards to our trademark,
+attribution, and/or visible source policies. We want to build great software and a great community.
+
+[ACME.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js) |
 MPL-2.0 |
 [Terms of Use](https://therootcompany.com/legal/#terms) |
 [Privacy Policy](https://therootcompany.com/legal/#privacy)
--- a/account.js
+++ b/account.js
@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var A = module.exports;
+var U = require('./utils.js');
+
+var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+var Enc = require('@root/encoding/bytes');
+var agreers = {};
+
+A._getAccountKid = function (me, options) {
+	// It's just fine if there's no account, we'll go get the key id we need via the existing key
+	var kid =
+		options.kid ||
+		(options.account && options.account.key && options.account.key.kid);
+
+	if (kid) {
+		return Promise.resolve(kid);
+	}
+
+	//return Promise.reject(new Error("must include KeyID"));
+	// This is an idempotent request. It'll return the same account for the same public key.
+	return A._registerAccount(me, options).then(function (account) {
+		return account.key.kid;
+	});
+};
+
+// ACME RFC Section 7.3 Account Creation
+/*
+ {
+   "protected": base64url({
+     "alg": "ES256",
+     "jwk": {...},
+     "nonce": "6S8IqOGY7eL2lsGoTZYifg",
+     "url": "https://example.com/acme/new-account"
+   }),
+   "payload": base64url({
+     "termsOfServiceAgreed": true,
+     "onlyReturnExisting": false,
+     "contact": [
+       "mailto:cert-admin@example.com",
+       "mailto:admin@example.com"
+     ]
+   }),
+   "signature": "RZPOnYoPs1PhjszF...-nh6X1qtOFPB519I"
+ }
+*/
+A._registerAccount = function (me, options) {
+	//#console.debug('[ACME.js] accounts.create');
+
+	function agree(agreed) {
+		var err;
+		if (!agreed) {
+			err = new Error("must agree to '" + me._tos + "'");
+			err.code = 'E_AGREE_TOS';
+			throw err;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	function getAccount() {
+		return U._importKeypair(options.accountKey).then(function (pair) {
+			var contact;
+			if (options.contact) {
+				contact = options.contact.slice(0);
+			} else if (options.subscriberEmail) {
+				contact = ['mailto:' + options.subscriberEmail];
+			}
+
+			var accountRequest = {
+				termsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+				onlyReturnExisting: false,
+				contact: contact
+			};
+
+			var pub = pair.public;
+			return attachExtAcc(pub, accountRequest).then(function (accReq) {
+				var payload = JSON.stringify(accReq);
+				return U._jwsRequest(me, {
+					accountKey: options.accountKey,
+					url: me._directoryUrls.newAccount,
+					protected: { kid: false, jwk: pair.public },
+					payload: Enc.strToBuf(payload)
+				}).then(function (resp) {
+					var account = resp.body;
+
+					if (resp.statusCode < 200 || resp.statusCode >= 300) {
+						if ('string' !== typeof account) {
+							account = JSON.stringify(account);
+						}
+						throw new Error(
+							'account error: ' +
+								resp.statusCode +
+								' ' +
+								account +
+								'\n' +
+								payload
+						);
+					}
+
+					// the account id url is the "kid"
+					var kid = resp.headers.location;
+					if (!account) {
+						account = { _emptyResponse: true };
+					}
+					if (!account.key) {
+						account.key = {};
+					}
+					account.key.kid = kid;
+					return account;
+				});
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	// for external accounts (probably useless, but spec'd)
+	function attachExtAcc(pubkey, accountRequest) {
+		if (!options.externalAccount) {
+			return Promise.resolve(accountRequest);
+		}
+
+		return Keypairs.signJws({
+			// TODO is HMAC the standard, or is this arbitrary?
+			secret: options.externalAccount.secret,
+			protected: {
+				alg: options.externalAccount.alg || 'HS256',
+				kid: options.externalAccount.id,
+				url: me._directoryUrls.newAccount
+			},
+			payload: Enc.strToBuf(JSON.stringify(pubkey))
+		}).then(function (jws) {
+			accountRequest.externalAccountBinding = jws;
+			return accountRequest;
+		});
+	}
+
+	return Promise.resolve()
+		.then(function () {
+			//#console.debug('[ACME.js] agreeToTerms');
+			var agreeToTerms = options.agreeToTerms;
+			if (!agreeToTerms) {
+				agreeToTerms = function (terms) {
+					if (agreers[options.subscriberEmail]) {
+						return true;
+					}
+					agreers[options.subscriberEmail] = true;
+					console.info();
+					console.info(
+						'By using this software you (' +
+							options.subscriberEmail +
+							') are agreeing to the following:'
+					);
+					console.info(
+						'ACME Subscriber Agreement:',
+						terms.acmeSubscriberTermsUrl
+					);
+					console.info(
+						'Greenlock/ACME.js Terms of Use:',
+						terms.acmeJsTermsUrl
+					);
+					console.info();
+					return true;
+				};
+			} else if (true === agreeToTerms) {
+				agreeToTerms = function (terms) {
+					return terms && true;
+				};
+			}
+			return agreeToTerms({
+				acmeSubscriberTermsUrl: me._tos,
+				acmeJsTermsUrl: 'https://rootprojects.org/legal/#terms'
+			});
+		})
+		.then(agree)
+		.then(getAccount);
+};
--- a/acme.js
+++ b/acme.js
--- a/bin/bundle.js
+++ b/bin/bundle.js
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+(async function () {
+	'use strict';
+
+	var UglifyJS = require('uglify-js');
+	var path = require('path');
+	var fs = require('fs');
+	var promisify = require('util').promisify;
+	var readFile = promisify(fs.readFile);
+	var writeFile = promisify(fs.writeFile);
+	var gzip = promisify(require('zlib').gzip);
+
+	// The order is specific, and it matters
+	var files = await Promise.all(
+		[
+			'../lib/encoding.js',
+			'../lib/asn1-packer.js',
+			'../lib/x509.js',
+			'../lib/ecdsa.js',
+			'../lib/rsa.js',
+			'../lib/keypairs.js',
+			'../lib/asn1-parser.js',
+			'../lib/csr.js',
+			'../lib/acme.js'
+		].map(async function (file) {
+			return (await readFile(path.join(__dirname, file), 'utf8')).trim();
+		})
+	);
+
+	var header =
+		[
+			'// Copyright 2015-2019 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved',
+			'/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public',
+			' * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this',
+			' * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */'
+		].join('\n') + '\n';
+
+	var file = header + files.join('\n') + '\n';
+	await writeFile(path.join(__dirname, '../dist', 'acme.js'), file);
+	await writeFile(
+		path.join(__dirname, '../dist', 'acme.js.gz'),
+		await gzip(file)
+	);
+
+	// TODO source maps?
+	var result = UglifyJS.minify(file, {
+		compress: true,
+		// mangling doesn't save significant
+		mangle: false
+	});
+	if (result.error) {
+		throw result.error;
+	}
+	file = header + result.code;
+	await writeFile(path.join(__dirname, '../dist', 'acme.min.js'), file);
+	await writeFile(
+		path.join(__dirname, '../dist', 'acme.min.js.gz'),
+		await gzip(file)
+	);
+})();
--- a/compat.js
+++ b/compat.js
@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-/* global Promise */
-
-var ACME2 = require('./').ACME;
-
-function resolveFn(cb) {
-	return function(val) {
-		// nextTick to get out of Promise chain
-		process.nextTick(function() {
-			cb(null, val);
-		});
-	};
-}
-function rejectFn(cb) {
-	return function(err) {
-		console.error('[acme-v2] handled(?) rejection as errback:');
-		console.error(err.stack);
-
-		// nextTick to get out of Promise chain
-		process.nextTick(function() {
-			cb(err);
-		});
-
-		// do not resolve promise further
-		return new Promise(function() {});
-	};
-}
-
-function create(deps) {
-	deps.LeCore = {};
-	var acme2 = ACME2.create(deps);
-	acme2.registerNewAccount = function(options, cb) {
-		acme2.accounts.create(options).then(resolveFn(cb), rejectFn(cb));
-	};
-	acme2.getCertificate = function(options, cb) {
-		options.agreeToTerms =
-			options.agreeToTerms ||
-			function(tos) {
-				return Promise.resolve(tos);
-			};
-		acme2.certificates.create(options).then(function(certs) {
-			var privkeyPem = acme2.RSA.exportPrivatePem(options.domainKeypair);
-			certs.privkey = privkeyPem;
-			resolveFn(cb)(certs);
-		}, rejectFn(cb));
-	};
-	acme2.getAcmeUrls = function(options, cb) {
-		acme2.init(options).then(resolveFn(cb), rejectFn(cb));
-	};
-	acme2.getOptions = function() {
-		var defs = {};
-
-		Object.keys(module.exports.defaults).forEach(function(key) {
-			defs[key] = defs[deps] || module.exports.defaults[key];
-		});
-
-		return defs;
-	};
-	acme2.stagingServerUrl = module.exports.defaults.stagingServerUrl;
-	acme2.productionServerUrl = module.exports.defaults.productionServerUrl;
-	acme2.acmeChallengePrefix = module.exports.defaults.acmeChallengePrefix;
-	return acme2;
-}
-
-module.exports.ACME = {};
-module.exports.defaults = {
-	productionServerUrl: 'https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory',
-	stagingServerUrl: 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory',
-	knownEndpoints: [
-		'keyChange',
-		'meta',
-		'newAccount',
-		'newNonce',
-		'newOrder',
-		'revokeCert'
-	],
-	challengeTypes: ['http-01', 'dns-01'],
-	challengeType: 'http-01',
-	//, keyType:                'rsa' // ecdsa
-	//, keySize:                2048 // 256
-	rsaKeySize: 2048, // 256
-	acmeChallengePrefix: '/.well-known/acme-challenge/'
-};
-Object.keys(module.exports.defaults).forEach(function(key) {
-	module.exports.ACME[key] = module.exports.defaults[key];
-});
-Object.keys(ACME2).forEach(function(key) {
-	module.exports.ACME[key] = ACME2[key];
-});
-module.exports.ACME.create = create;
--- a/errors.js
+++ b/errors.js
@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var E = module.exports;
+
+E.NO_SUITABLE_CHALLENGE = function (domain, challenges, presenters) {
+	// Bail with a descriptive message if no usable challenge could be selected
+	// For example, wildcards require dns-01 and, if we don't have that, we have to bail
+	var enabled = presenters.join(', ') || 'none';
+	var suitable =
+		challenges
+			.map(function (r) {
+				return r.type;
+			})
+			.join(', ') || 'none';
+	return new Error(
+		"None of the challenge types that you've enabled ( " +
+			enabled +
+			' )' +
+			" are suitable for validating the domain you've selected (" +
+			domain +
+			').' +
+			' You must enable one of ( ' +
+			suitable +
+			' ).'
+	);
+};
+E.UNHANDLED_ORDER_STATUS = function (options, domains, resp) {
+	return new Error(
+		"Didn't finalize order: Unhandled status '" +
+			resp.body.status +
+			"'." +
+			' This is not one of the known statuses...\n' +
+			"Requested: '" +
+			options.domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			"Validated: '" +
+			domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			JSON.stringify(resp.body, null, 2) +
+			'\n\n' +
+			'Please open an issue at https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js'
+	);
+};
+E.DOUBLE_READY_ORDER = function (options, domains, resp) {
+	return new Error(
+		"Did not finalize order: status 'ready'." +
+			" Hmmm... this state shouldn't be possible here. That was the last state." +
+			" This one should at least be 'processing'.\n" +
+			"Requested: '" +
+			options.domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			"Validated: '" +
+			domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			JSON.stringify(resp.body, null, 2) +
+			'\n\n' +
+			'Please open an issue at https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js'
+	);
+};
+E.ORDER_INVALID = function (options, domains, resp) {
+	return new Error(
+		"Did not finalize order: status 'invalid'." +
+			' Best guess: One or more of the domain challenges could not be verified' +
+			' (or the order was canceled).\n' +
+			"Requested: '" +
+			options.domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			"Validated: '" +
+			domains.join(', ') +
+			"'\n" +
+			JSON.stringify(resp.body, null, 2)
+	);
+};
+E.NO_AUTHORIZATIONS = function (options, resp) {
+	return new Error(
+		"[acme-v2.js] authorizations were not fetched for '" +
+			options.domains.join() +
+			"':\n" +
+			JSON.stringify(resp.body)
+	);
+};
--- a/examples/README.md
+++ b/examples/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+# Example [ACME.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js) Usage
+
+| Built by [Root](https://therootcompany.com) for [Hub](https://rootprojects.org/hub)
+
+ACME.js is a _low-level_ client for Let's Encrypt.
+
+Looking for an **easy**, _high-level_ client? Check out [Greenlock.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/greenlock.js).
+
+# Overview
+
+A basic example includes the following:
+
+1. Initialization
+    - maintainer contact
+    - package user-agent
+    - log events
+2. Discover API
+    - retrieves Terms of Service and API endpoints
+3. Get Subscriber Account
+    - create an ECDSA (or RSA) Account key in JWK format
+    - agree to terms
+    - register account by the key
+4. Prepare a Certificate Signing Request
+    - create a RSA (or ECDSA) Server key in PEM format
+    - select domains (as punycode)
+    - choose challenges
+    - sign CSR
+    - order certificate
+
+# Code
+
+The tested-working code for this is in [examples/get-certificate-full.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js/src/branch/master/examples/get-certificate-full.js)
+
+# Walkthrough
+
+Whereas [Greenlock.js](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/greenlock.js) is very much "batteries included",
+the goal of ACME.js is to be lightweight and over more control.
+
+## 1. Create an `acme` instance
+
+The maintainer contact is used by Root to notify you of security notices and
+bugfixes to ACME.js.
+
+The subscriber contact is used by Let's Encrypt to manage your account and
+notify you of renewal failures. In the future we plan to enable some of that,
+but allowing for your own branding.
+
+The customer email is provided as an example of what NOT to use as either of the other two.
+Typically your customers are NOT directly Let's Encrypt subscribers.
+
+```js
+// In many cases all three of these are the same (your email)
+// However, this is what they may look like when different:
+
+var maintainerEmail = 'security@devshop.com';
+var subscriberEmail = 'support@hostingcompany.com';
+var customerEmail = 'jane.doe@gmail.com';
+```
+
+The ACME spec requires clients to have RFC 7231 style User Agent.
+This will be contstructed automatically using your package name.
+
+```js
+var pkg = require('../package.json');
+var packageAgent = 'test-' + pkg.name + '/' + pkg.version;
+```
+
+Set up your logging facility. It's fine to ignore the logs,
+but you'll probably want to log `warning` and `error` at least.
+
+```js
+// This is intended to get at important messages without
+// having to use even lower-level APIs in the code
+
+function notify(ev, msg) {
+    	if ('error' === ev || 'warning' === ev) {
+    		errors.push(ev.toUpperCase() + ' ' + msg.message);
+    		return;
+    	}
+    	// be brief on all others
+    	console.log(ev, msg.altname || '', msg.status || ''');
+}
+```
+
+```js
+var ACME = require('acme');
+var acme = ACME.create({ maintainerEmail, packageAgent, notify });
+```
+
+## 2. Fetch the API Directory
+
+ACME defines an API discovery mechanism.
+
+For Let's Encrypt specifically, these are the _production_ and _staging_ URLs:
+
+```js
+// Choose either the production or staging URL
+
+var directoryUrl = 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';
+//var directoryUrl = 'https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory'
+```
+
+The init function will fetch the API and set internal urls and such accordingly.
+
+```js
+await acme.init(directoryUrl);
+```
+
+## 3. Create (or import) an Account Keypair
+
+You must create a Subscriber Account using a public/private keypair.
+
+The Account key MUST be different from the server key.
+
+Keypairs.js will use native node crypto or WebCrypto to generate the key, and a lightweight parser and packer to translate between formats.
+
+```js
+var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+```
+
+Unless you're multi-tenanted, you only ever need ONE account key. Save it.
+
+```js
+// You only need ONE account key, ever, in most cases
+// save this and keep it safe. ECDSA is preferred.
+
+var accountKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: 'EC', format: 'jwk' });
+var accountKey = accountKeypair.private;
+```
+
+If you already have a key you would like to use, you can import it (as shown in the server key section below).
+
+## 4. Create an ACME Subscriber Account
+
+In order to use Let's Encrypt and ACME.js, you must agree to the respective Subscriber Agreement and Terms.
+
+```js
+// This can be `true` or an async function which presents the terms of use
+
+var agreeToTerms = true;
+
+// If you are multi-tenanted or white-labled and need to present the terms of
+// use to the Subscriber running the service, you can do so with a function.
+
+var agreeToTerms = async function() {
+	return true;
+};
+```
+
+You create an account with a signed JWS message including your public key, which ACME.js handles for you with your account key.
+
+All messages must be signed with your account key.
+
+```js
+console.info('registering new ACME account...');
+
+var account = await acme.accounts.create({
+	subscriberEmail,
+	agreeToTerms,
+	accountKey
+});
+console.info('created account with id', account.key.kid);
+```
+
+## 5. Create (or import) a Server Keypair
+
+You must have a SERVER keypair, which is different from your account keypair.
+
+This isn't part of the ACME protocol, but rather something your Web Server uses and which you must use to sign the request for an SSL certificate, the same as with paid issuers in the days of yore.
+
+In many situations you only ever need ONE of these.
+
+```js
+// This is the key used by your WEBSERVER, typically named `privkey.pem`,
+// `key.crt`, or `bundle.pem`. RSA may be preferrable for legacy compatibility.
+
+// You can generate it fresh
+var serverKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: 'RSA', format: 'jwk' });
+var serverKey = serverKeypair.private;
+var serverPem = await Keypairs.export({ jwk: serverKey });
+await fs.promises.writeFile('./privkey.pem', serverPem, 'ascii');
+
+// Or you can load it from a file
+var serverPem = await fs.promises.readFile('./privkey.pem', 'ascii');
+console.info('wrote ./privkey.pem');
+
+var serverKey = await Keypairs.import({ pem: serverPem });
+```
+
+## 6. Create a Signed Certificate Request (CSR)
+
+Your domains must be `punycode`-encoded:
+
+```js
+var punycode = require('punycode');
+
+var domains = ['example.com', '*.example.com', '你好.example.com'];
+domains = domains.map(function(name) {
+	return punycode.toASCII(name);
+});
+```
+
+```js
+var CSR = require('@root/csr');
+var PEM = require('@root/pem');
+
+var encoding = 'der';
+var typ = 'CERTIFICATE REQUEST';
+
+var csrDer = await CSR.csr({ jwk: serverKey, domains, encoding });
+var csr = PEM.packBlock({ type: typ, bytes: csrDer });
+```
+
+## 7. Choose Domain Validation Strategies
+
+You can use one of the existing http-01 or dns-01 plugins, or you can build your own.
+
+There's a test suite that makes this very easy to do:
+
+-   [acme-dns-01-test](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-test.js)
+-   [acme-http-01-test](https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-http-01-test.js)
+
+```js
+// You can pick from existing challenge modules
+// which integrate with a variety of popular services
+// or you can create your own.
+//
+// The order of priority will be http-01, tls-alpn-01, dns-01
+// dns-01 will always be used for wildcards
+// dns-01 should be the only option given for local/private domains
+
+var webroot = require('acme-http-01-webroot').create({});
+var challenges = {
+	'http-01': webroot,
+	'dns-01': {
+		init: async function(deps) {
+			// includes the http request object to use
+		},
+		zones: async function(args) {
+			// return a list of zones
+		},
+		set: async function(args) {
+			// set a TXT record with the lowest allowable TTL
+		},
+		get: async function(args) {
+			// check the TXT record exists
+		},
+		remove: async function(args) {
+			// remove the TXT record
+		},
+		// how long to wait after *all* TXTs are set
+		// before presenting them for validation
+		// (for most this is seconds, for some it may be minutes)
+		propagationDelay: 5000
+	}
+};
+```
+
+## 8. Verify Domains & Get an SSL Certificate
+
+```js
+console.info('validating domain authorization for ' + domains.join(' '));
+var pems = await acme.certificates.create({
+	account,
+	accountKey,
+	csr,
+	domains,
+	challenges
+});
+```
+
+## 9. Save the Certificate
+
+```js
+var fullchain = pems.cert + '\n' + pems.chain + '\n';
+
+await fs.promises.writeFile('fullchain.pem', fullchain, 'ascii');
+console.info('wrote ./fullchain.pem');
+```
+
+## 10. Test Drive Your Cert
+
+```js
+'use strict';
+
+var https = require('http2');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+var key = fs.readFileSync('./privkey.pem');
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('./fullchain.pem');
+
+var server = https.createSecureServer({ key, cert }, function(req, res) {
+	res.end('Hello, Encrypted World!');
+});
+
+server.listen(443, function() {
+	console.info('Listening on', server.address());
+});
+```
+
+Note: You can allow non-root `node` processes to bind to port 443 using `setcap`:
+
+```bash
+sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' $(which node)
+```
+
+You can also set your domain to localhost by editing your `/etc/hosts`:
+
+`/etc/hosts`:
+
+```txt
+127.0.0.1 test.example.com
+
+127.0.0.1	localhost
+255.255.255.255	broadcasthost
+::1             localhost
+```
--- a/examples/app.js
+++ b/examples/app.js
@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*global Promise*/
+(function () {
+	'use strict';
+
+	var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+	var Rasha = require('@root/acme/rsa');
+	var Eckles = require('@root/acme/ecdsa');
+	var x509 = require('@root/acme/x509');
+	var CSR = require('@root/csr');
+	var ACME = require('@root/acme');
+	var accountStuff = {};
+
+	function $(sel) {
+		return document.querySelector(sel);
+	}
+	function $$(sel) {
+		return Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(sel));
+	}
+
+	function checkTos(tos) {
+		if ($('input[name="tos"]:checked')) {
+			return tos;
+		} else {
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+	function run() {
+		console.log('hello');
+
+		// Show different options for ECDSA vs RSA
+		$$('input[name="kty"]').forEach(function ($el) {
+			$el.addEventListener('change', function (ev) {
+				console.log(this);
+				console.log(ev);
+				if ('RSA' === ev.target.value) {
+					$('.js-rsa-opts').hidden = false;
+					$('.js-ec-opts').hidden = true;
+				} else {
+					$('.js-rsa-opts').hidden = true;
+					$('.js-ec-opts').hidden = false;
+				}
+			});
+		});
+
+		// Generate a key on submit
+		$('form.js-keygen').addEventListener('submit', function (ev) {
+			ev.preventDefault();
+			ev.stopPropagation();
+			$('.js-loading').hidden = false;
+			$('.js-jwk').hidden = true;
+			$('.js-toc-der-public').hidden = true;
+			$('.js-toc-der-private').hidden = true;
+			$$('.js-toc-pem').forEach(function ($el) {
+				$el.hidden = true;
+			});
+			$$('input').map(function ($el) {
+				$el.disabled = true;
+			});
+			$$('button').map(function ($el) {
+				$el.disabled = true;
+			});
+			var opts = {
+				kty: $('input[name="kty"]:checked').value,
+				namedCurve: $('input[name="ec-crv"]:checked').value,
+				modulusLength: $('input[name="rsa-len"]:checked').value
+			};
+			var then = Date.now();
+			console.log('opts', opts);
+			Keypairs.generate(opts).then(function (results) {
+				console.log('Key generation time:', Date.now() - then + 'ms');
+				var pubDer;
+				var privDer;
+				if (/EC/i.test(opts.kty)) {
+					privDer = x509.packPkcs8(results.private);
+					pubDer = x509.packSpki(results.public);
+					Eckles.export({
+						jwk: results.private,
+						format: 'sec1'
+					}).then(function (pem) {
+						$('.js-input-pem-sec1-private').innerText = pem;
+						$('.js-toc-pem-sec1-private').hidden = false;
+					});
+					Eckles.export({
+						jwk: results.private,
+						format: 'pkcs8'
+					}).then(function (pem) {
+						$('.js-input-pem-pkcs8-private').innerText = pem;
+						$('.js-toc-pem-pkcs8-private').hidden = false;
+					});
+					Eckles.export({ jwk: results.public, public: true }).then(
+						function (pem) {
+							$('.js-input-pem-spki-public').innerText = pem;
+							$('.js-toc-pem-spki-public').hidden = false;
+						}
+					);
+				} else {
+					privDer = x509.packPkcs8(results.private);
+					pubDer = x509.packSpki(results.public);
+					Rasha.export({
+						jwk: results.private,
+						format: 'pkcs1'
+					}).then(function (pem) {
+						$('.js-input-pem-pkcs1-private').innerText = pem;
+						$('.js-toc-pem-pkcs1-private').hidden = false;
+					});
+					Rasha.export({
+						jwk: results.private,
+						format: 'pkcs8'
+					}).then(function (pem) {
+						$('.js-input-pem-pkcs8-private').innerText = pem;
+						$('.js-toc-pem-pkcs8-private').hidden = false;
+					});
+					Rasha.export({ jwk: results.public, format: 'pkcs1' }).then(
+						function (pem) {
+							$('.js-input-pem-pkcs1-public').innerText = pem;
+							$('.js-toc-pem-pkcs1-public').hidden = false;
+						}
+					);
+					Rasha.export({ jwk: results.public, format: 'spki' }).then(
+						function (pem) {
+							$('.js-input-pem-spki-public').innerText = pem;
+							$('.js-toc-pem-spki-public').hidden = false;
+						}
+					);
+				}
+
+				$('.js-der-public').innerText = pubDer;
+				$('.js-toc-der-public').hidden = false;
+				$('.js-der-private').innerText = privDer;
+				$('.js-toc-der-private').hidden = false;
+				$('.js-jwk').innerText = JSON.stringify(results, null, 2);
+				$('.js-loading').hidden = true;
+				$('.js-jwk').hidden = false;
+				$$('input').map(function ($el) {
+					$el.disabled = false;
+				});
+				$$('button').map(function ($el) {
+					$el.disabled = false;
+				});
+				$('.js-toc-jwk').hidden = false;
+
+				$('.js-create-account').hidden = false;
+				$('.js-create-csr').hidden = false;
+			});
+		});
+
+		$('form.js-acme-account').addEventListener('submit', function (ev) {
+			ev.preventDefault();
+			ev.stopPropagation();
+			$('.js-loading').hidden = false;
+			var acme = ACME.create({
+				Keypairs: Keypairs,
+				CSR: CSR
+			});
+			acme.init(
+				'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory'
+			).then(function (result) {
+				console.log('acme result', result);
+				var privJwk = JSON.parse($('.js-jwk').innerText).private;
+				var email = $('.js-email').value;
+				return acme.accounts
+					.create({
+						email: email,
+						agreeToTerms: checkTos,
+						accountKeypair: { privateKeyJwk: privJwk }
+					})
+					.then(function (account) {
+						console.log('account created result:', account);
+						accountStuff.account = account;
+						accountStuff.privateJwk = privJwk;
+						accountStuff.email = email;
+						accountStuff.acme = acme;
+						$('.js-create-order').hidden = false;
+						$('.js-toc-acme-account-response').hidden = false;
+						$(
+							'.js-acme-account-response'
+						).innerText = JSON.stringify(account, null, 2);
+					})
+					.catch(function (err) {
+						console.error('A bad thing happened:');
+						console.error(err);
+						window.alert(
+							err.message || JSON.stringify(err, null, 2)
+						);
+					});
+			});
+		});
+
+		$('form.js-csr').addEventListener('submit', function (ev) {
+			ev.preventDefault();
+			ev.stopPropagation();
+			generateCsr();
+		});
+
+		$('form.js-acme-order').addEventListener('submit', function (ev) {
+			ev.preventDefault();
+			ev.stopPropagation();
+			var account = accountStuff.account;
+			var privJwk = accountStuff.privateJwk;
+			var email = accountStuff.email;
+			var acme = accountStuff.acme;
+
+			var domains = ($('.js-domains').value || 'example.com').split(
+				/[, ]+/g
+			);
+			return getDomainPrivkey().then(function (domainPrivJwk) {
+				console.log('Has CSR already?');
+				console.log(accountStuff.csr);
+				return acme.certificates
+					.create({
+						accountKeypair: { privateKeyJwk: privJwk },
+						account: account,
+						serverKeypair: { privateKeyJwk: domainPrivJwk },
+						csr: accountStuff.csr,
+						domains: domains,
+						skipDryRun:
+							$('input[name="skip-dryrun"]:checked') && true,
+						agreeToTerms: checkTos,
+						challenges: {
+							'dns-01': {
+								set: function (opts) {
+									console.info('dns-01 set challenge:');
+									console.info('TXT', opts.dnsHost);
+									console.info(opts.dnsAuthorization);
+									return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+										while (
+											!window.confirm(
+												'Did you set the challenge?'
+											)
+										) {}
+										resolve();
+									});
+								},
+								remove: function (opts) {
+									console.log('dns-01 remove challenge:');
+									console.info('TXT', opts.dnsHost);
+									console.info(opts.dnsAuthorization);
+									return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+										while (
+											!window.confirm(
+												'Did you delete the challenge?'
+											)
+										) {}
+										resolve();
+									});
+								}
+							},
+							'http-01': {
+								set: function (opts) {
+									console.info('http-01 set challenge:');
+									console.info(opts.challengeUrl);
+									console.info(opts.keyAuthorization);
+									return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+										while (
+											!window.confirm(
+												'Did you set the challenge?'
+											)
+										) {}
+										resolve();
+									});
+								},
+								remove: function (opts) {
+									console.log('http-01 remove challenge:');
+									console.info(opts.challengeUrl);
+									console.info(opts.keyAuthorization);
+									return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+										while (
+											!window.confirm(
+												'Did you delete the challenge?'
+											)
+										) {}
+										resolve();
+									});
+								}
+							}
+						},
+						challengeTypes: [
+							$('input[name="acme-challenge-type"]:checked').value
+						]
+					})
+					.then(function (results) {
+						console.log('Got Certificates:');
+						console.log(results);
+						$('.js-toc-acme-order-response').hidden = false;
+						$('.js-acme-order-response').innerText = JSON.stringify(
+							results,
+							null,
+							2
+						);
+					})
+					.catch(function (err) {
+						console.error('challenge failed:');
+						console.error(err);
+						window.alert(
+							'failed! ' + err.message || JSON.stringify(err)
+						);
+					});
+			});
+		});
+
+		$('.js-generate').hidden = false;
+	}
+
+	function getDomainPrivkey() {
+		if (accountStuff.domainPrivateJwk) {
+			return Promise.resolve(accountStuff.domainPrivateJwk);
+		}
+		return Keypairs.generate({
+			kty: $('input[name="kty"]:checked').value,
+			namedCurve: $('input[name="ec-crv"]:checked').value,
+			modulusLength: $('input[name="rsa-len"]:checked').value
+		}).then(function (pair) {
+			console.log('domain keypair:', pair);
+			accountStuff.domainPrivateJwk = pair.private;
+			return pair.private;
+		});
+	}
+
+	function generateCsr() {
+		var domains = ($('.js-domains').value || 'example.com').split(/[, ]+/g);
+		//var privJwk = JSON.parse($('.js-jwk').innerText).private;
+		return getDomainPrivkey().then(function (privJwk) {
+			accountStuff.domainPrivateJwk = privJwk;
+			return CSR({ jwk: privJwk, domains: domains }).then(function (pem) {
+				// Verify with https://www.sslshopper.com/csr-decoder.html
+				accountStuff.csr = pem;
+				console.log('Created CSR:');
+				console.log(pem);
+
+				console.log('CSR info:');
+				console.log(CSR._info(pem));
+
+				return pem;
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	window.addEventListener('load', run);
+})();
--- a/examples/cli.js
+++ b/examples/cli.js
@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-
-var RSA = require('rsa-compat').RSA;
-var readline = require('readline');
-var rl = readline.createInterface({
-	input: process.stdin,
-	output: process.stdout
-});
-
-require('./genkeypair.js');
-
-function getWeb() {
-	rl.question(
-		'What web address(es) would you like to get certificates for? (ex: example.com,*.example.com) ',
-		function(web) {
-			web = (web || '').trim().split(/,/g);
-			if (!web[0]) {
-				getWeb();
-				return;
-			}
-
-			if (
-				web.some(function(w) {
-					return '*' === w[0];
-				})
-			) {
-				console.log('Wildcard domains must use dns-01');
-				getEmail(web, 'dns-01');
-			} else {
-				getChallengeType(web);
-			}
-		}
-	);
-}
-
-function getChallengeType(web) {
-	rl.question(
-		'What challenge will you be testing today? http-01 or dns-01? [http-01] ',
-		function(chType) {
-			chType = (chType || '').trim();
-			if (!chType) {
-				chType = 'http-01';
-			}
-
-			getEmail(web, chType);
-		}
-	);
-}
-
-function getEmail(web, chType) {
-	rl.question('What email should we use? (optional) ', function(email) {
-		email = (email || '').trim();
-		if (!email) {
-			email = null;
-		}
-
-		getApiStyle(web, chType, email);
-	});
-}
-
-function getApiStyle(web, chType, email) {
-	var defaultStyle = 'compat';
-	rl.question(
-		'What API style would you like to test? v1-compat or promise? [v1-compat] ',
-		function(apiStyle) {
-			apiStyle = (apiStyle || '').trim();
-			if (!apiStyle) {
-				apiStyle = 'v1-compat';
-			}
-
-			rl.close();
-
-			var RSA = require('rsa-compat').RSA;
-			var accountKeypair = RSA.import({
-				privateKeyPem: require('fs').readFileSync(
-					__dirname + '/../tests/account.privkey.pem'
-				)
-			});
-			var domainKeypair = RSA.import({
-				privateKeyPem: require('fs').readFileSync(
-					__dirname + '/../tests/privkey.pem'
-				)
-			});
-			var directoryUrl =
-				'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';
-
-			if ('promise' === apiStyle) {
-				require('../tests/promise.js').run(
-					directoryUrl,
-					RSA,
-					web,
-					chType,
-					email,
-					accountKeypair,
-					domainKeypair
-				);
-			} else if ('cb' === apiStyle) {
-				require('../tests/cb.js').run(
-					directoryUrl,
-					RSA,
-					web,
-					chType,
-					email,
-					accountKeypair,
-					domainKeypair
-				);
-			} else {
-				if ('v1-compat' !== apiStyle) {
-					console.warn(
-						"Didn't understand '" + apiStyle + "', using 'v1-compat' instead..."
-					);
-				}
-				require('../tests/compat.js').run(
-					directoryUrl,
-					RSA,
-					web,
-					chType,
-					email,
-					accountKeypair,
-					domainKeypair
-				);
-			}
-		}
-	);
-}
-
-getWeb();
--- a/examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js
+++ b/examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js
@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-(function(exports) {
-	'use strict';
-
-	// node[0] ./test.js[1] jon.doe@gmail.com[2] example.com,*.example.com[3] xxxxxx[4]
-	var email = process.argv[2] || process.env.ACME_EMAIL;
-	var domains = (process.argv[3] || process.env.ACME_DOMAINS).split(/[,\s]+/);
-	var token = process.argv[4] || process.env.DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY;
-
-	// git clone https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme-dns-01-digitalocean.js node_modules/acme-dns-01-digitalocean
-	var dns01 = require('acme-dns-01-digitalocean').create({
-		//baseUrl: 'https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/domains',
-		token: token
-	});
-
-	// This will be replaced with Keypairs.js in the next version
-	var promisify = require('util').promisify;
-	var generateKeypair = promisify(require('rsa-compat').RSA.generateKeypair);
-
-	//var ACME = exports.ACME || require('acme').ACME;
-	var ACME = exports.ACME || require('../').ACME;
-	var acme = ACME.create({});
-	acme
-		.init({
-			//directoryUrl: 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory'
-		})
-		.then(function() {
-			return generateKeypair(null).then(function(accountPair) {
-				return generateKeypair(null).then(function(serverPair) {
-					return acme.accounts
-						.create({
-							// valid email (server checks MX records)
-							email: email,
-							accountKeypair: accountPair,
-							agreeToTerms: function(tosUrl) {
-								// ask user (if user is the host)
-								return tosUrl;
-							}
-						})
-						.then(function(account) {
-							console.info('Created Account:');
-							console.info(account);
-
-							return acme.certificates
-								.create({
-									domains: domains,
-									challenges: { 'dns-01': dns01 },
-									domainKeypair: serverPair,
-									accountKeypair: accountPair,
-
-									// v2 will be directly compatible with the new ACME modules,
-									// whereas this version needs a shim
-									getZones: dns01.zones,
-									setChallenge: dns01.set,
-									removeChallenge: dns01.remove
-								})
-								.then(function(certs) {
-									console.info('Secured SSL Certificates');
-									console.info(certs);
-								});
-						});
-				});
-			});
-		})
-		.catch(function(e) {
-			console.error('Something went wrong:');
-			console.error(e);
-			process.exit(500);
-		});
-})('undefined' === typeof module ? window : module.exports);
--- a/examples/example.env
+++ b/examples/example.env
@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
-ACME_EMAIL=jon.doe@gmail.com
-ACME_DOMAINS=example.com,foo.example.com,*.foo.example.com
-DIGITALOCEAN_API_KEY=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+ENV=DEV
+
+MAINTAINER_EMAIL=letsencrypt+staging@example.com
+SUBSCRIBER_EMAIL=letsencrypt+staging@example.com
+
+# for example
+DOMAINS=test.example.com,www.test.example.com
+# for tests
+BASE_DOMAIN=test.example.com
+
+CHALLENGE_TYPE=dns-01
+CHALLENGE_PLUGIN=acme-dns-01-digitalocean
+CHALLENGE_OPTIONS='{"token":"xxxxxxxxxxxx"}'
--- a/examples/genkeypair.js
+++ b/examples/genkeypair.js
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-var RSA = require('rsa-compat').RSA;
-var fs = require('fs');
-
-if (!fs.existsSync(__dirname + '/../tests/account.privkey.pem')) {
-	RSA.generateKeypair(2048, 65537, {}, function(err, keypair) {
-		console.log(keypair);
-		var privkeyPem = RSA.exportPrivatePem(keypair);
-		console.log(privkeyPem);
-
-		fs.writeFileSync(__dirname + '/../tests/account.privkey.pem', privkeyPem);
-	});
-}
-
-if (!fs.existsSync(__dirname + '/../tests/privkey.pem')) {
-	RSA.generateKeypair(2048, 65537, {}, function(err, keypair) {
-		console.log(keypair);
-		var privkeyPem = RSA.exportPrivatePem(keypair);
-		console.log(privkeyPem);
-
-		fs.writeFileSync(__dirname + '/../tests/privkey.pem', privkeyPem);
-	});
-}
--- a/examples/get-certificate-full.js
+++ b/examples/get-certificate-full.js
@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+async function main() {
+	'use strict';
+
+	require('dotenv').config();
+
+	var fs = require('fs');
+	// just to trigger the warning message out of the way
+	await fs.promises.readFile().catch(function () {});
+	console.warn('\n');
+	var MY_DOMAINS = process.env.DOMAINS.split(/[,\s]+/);
+
+	// In many cases all three of these are the same (your email)
+	// However, this is what they may look like when different:
+
+	var maintainerEmail = process.env.MAINTAINER_EMAIL;
+	var subscriberEmail = process.env.SUBSCRIBER_EMAIL;
+	//var customerEmail = 'jane.doe@gmail.com';
+
+	var pkg = require('../package.json');
+	var packageAgent = 'test-' + pkg.name + '/' + pkg.version;
+
+	// Choose either the production or staging URL
+
+	var directoryUrl = 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';
+	//var directoryUrl = 'https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory'
+
+	// This is intended to get at important messages without
+	// having to use even lower-level APIs in the code
+
+	var errors = [];
+	function notify(ev, msg) {
+		if ('error' === ev || 'warning' === ev) {
+			errors.push(ev.toUpperCase() + ' ' + msg.message);
+			return;
+		}
+		// ignore all for now
+		console.log(ev, msg.altname || '', msg.status || '');
+	}
+
+	var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+
+	var ACME = require('../');
+	var acme = ACME.create({ maintainerEmail, packageAgent, notify });
+	await acme.init(directoryUrl);
+
+	// You only need ONE account key, ever, in most cases
+	// save this and keep it safe. ECDSA is preferred.
+
+	var accountKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: 'EC', format: 'jwk' });
+	var accountKey = accountKeypair.private;
+
+	// This can be `true` or an async function which presents the terms of use
+
+	var agreeToTerms = true;
+
+	// If you are multi-tenanted or white-labled and need to present the terms of
+	// use to the Subscriber running the service, you can do so with a function.
+	var agreeToTerms = async function () {
+		return true;
+	};
+
+	console.info('registering new ACME account...');
+	var account = await acme.accounts.create({
+		subscriberEmail,
+		agreeToTerms,
+		accountKey
+	});
+	console.info('created account with id', account.key.kid);
+
+	// This is the key used by your WEBSERVER, typically named `privkey.pem`,
+	// `key.crt`, or `bundle.pem`. RSA may be preferrable for legacy compatibility.
+
+	// You can generate it fresh
+	var serverKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: 'RSA', format: 'jwk' });
+	var serverKey = serverKeypair.private;
+	var serverPem = await Keypairs.export({ jwk: serverKey });
+	await fs.promises.writeFile('./privkey.pem', serverPem, 'ascii');
+	console.info('wrote ./privkey.pem');
+
+	// Or you can load it from a file
+	var serverPem = await fs.promises.readFile('./privkey.pem', 'ascii');
+
+	var serverKey = await Keypairs.import({ pem: serverPem });
+
+	var CSR = require('@root/csr');
+	var PEM = require('@root/pem');
+	var Enc = require('@root/encoding/base64');
+
+	var encoding = 'der';
+	var typ = 'CERTIFICATE REQUEST';
+
+	var domains = MY_DOMAINS;
+	var csrDer = await CSR.csr({ jwk: serverKey, domains, encoding });
+	//var csr64 = Enc.bufToBase64(csrDer);
+	var csr = PEM.packBlock({ type: typ, bytes: csrDer });
+
+	// You can pick from existing challenge modules
+	// which integrate with a variety of popular services
+	// or you can create your own.
+	//
+	// The order of priority will be http-01, tls-alpn-01, dns-01
+	// dns-01 will always be used for wildcards
+	// dns-01 should be the only option given for local/private domains
+
+	var challenges = {
+		'dns-01': loadDns01()
+	};
+
+	console.info('validating domain authorization for ' + domains.join(' '));
+	var pems = await acme.certificates.create({
+		account,
+		accountKey,
+		csr,
+		domains,
+		challenges
+	});
+	var fullchain = pems.cert + '\n' + pems.chain + '\n';
+
+	await fs.promises.writeFile('fullchain.pem', fullchain, 'ascii');
+	console.info('wrote ./fullchain.pem');
+	if (errors.length) {
+		console.warn();
+		console.warn('[Warning]');
+		console.warn('The following warnings and/or errors were encountered:');
+		console.warn(errors.join('\n'));
+	}
+}
+
+main().catch(function (e) {
+	console.error(e.stack);
+});
+
+function loadDns01() {
+	var pluginName = process.env.CHALLENGE_PLUGIN;
+	var pluginOptions = process.env.CHALLENGE_OPTIONS;
+	var plugin;
+	if (!pluginOptions) {
+		console.error(
+			'Please create a .env in the format of examples/example.env to run the tests'
+		);
+		process.exit(1);
+	}
+	try {
+		plugin = require(pluginName);
+	} catch (err) {
+		console.error("Couldn't find '" + pluginName + "'. Is it installed?");
+		console.error("\tnpm install --save-dev '" + pluginName + "'");
+		process.exit(1);
+	}
+	return plugin.create(JSON.parse(pluginOptions));
+}
--- a/examples/http-server.js
+++ b/examples/http-server.js
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-
-var http = require('http');
-var express = require('express');
-var server = http
-	.createServer(express.static('../tests'))
-	.listen(80, function() {
-		console.log('Listening on', this.address());
-	});
--- a/examples/https-server.js
+++ b/examples/https-server.js
@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 'use strict';

-var https = require('https');
+var https = require('http2');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+var key = fs.readFileSync('./privkey.pem');
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('./fullchain.pem');
+
 var server = https
-	.createServer(
-		{
-			key: require('fs').readFileSync('../tests/privkey.pem'),
-			cert: require('fs').readFileSync('../tests/fullchain.pem')
-		},
-		function(req, res) {
-			res.end('Hello, World!');
-		}
-	)
-	.listen(443, function() {
-		console.log('Listening on', this.address());
+	.createSecureServer({ key, cert }, function (req, res) {
+		res.end('Hello, Encrypted World!');
+	})
+	.listen(443, function () {
+		console.info('Listening on', server.address());
 	});
--- a/examples/https-sni-server.js
+++ b/examples/https-sni-server.js
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var https = require('http2');
+var tls = require('tls');
+var fs = require('fs');
+
+var key = fs.readFileSync('./privkey.pem');
+var cert = fs.readFileSync('./fullchain.pem');
+
+function SNICallback(servername, cb) {
+	console.log('sni:', servername);
+	cb(null, tls.createSecureContext({ key, cert }));
+}
+
+var server = https
+	.createSecureServer({ SNICallback: SNICallback }, function (req, res) {
+		res.end('Hello, Encrypted World!');
+	})
+	.listen(443, function () {
+		console.info('Listening on', server.address());
+	});
--- a/examples/index.html
+++ b/examples/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<title>ACME.js - A Root Project</title>
+		<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+		<style>
+			textarea {
+				width: 42em;
+				height: 10em;
+			}
+			/* need to word wrap the binary no space der */
+			.js-der-public,
+			.js-der-private {
+				white-space: pre-wrap; /* CSS3 */
+				white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Firefox */
+				white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera <7 */
+				white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
+				word-wrap: break-word; /* IE */
+			}
+		</style>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<h1>
+			@root/acme: Let's&nbsp;Encrypt&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;Browser
+		</h1>
+
+		<p>
+			This is intended to be explored with your JavaScript console open.
+		</p>
+		<pre><code>&lt;script src="<a href="https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.js">https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.js</a>"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</code></pre>
+		<pre><code>&lt;script src="<a href="https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.min.js">https://unpkg.com/@root/acme@3.0.0/dist/acme.min.js</a>"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</code></pre>
+		<a href="https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js">Documentation</a>
+
+		<h2>1. Keypair Generation</h2>
+		<form class="js-keygen">
+			<p>Key Type:</p>
+			<div>
+				<input type="radio" id="-ktyEC" name="kty" value="EC" checked />
+				<label for="-ktyEC">ECDSA</label>
+				<input type="radio" id="-ktyRSA" name="kty" value="RSA" />
+				<label for="-ktyRSA">RSA</label>
+			</div>
+			<div class="js-ec-opts">
+				<p>EC Options:</p>
+				<label for="-crv2"
+					><input
+						type="radio"
+						id="-crv2"
+						name="ec-crv"
+						value="P-256"
+						checked
+					/>P-256</label
+				>
+				<label for="-crv3"
+					><input
+						type="radio"
+						id="-crv3"
+						name="ec-crv"
+						value="P-384"
+					/>P-384</label
+				>
+				<!-- label for="-crv5"><input type="radio" id="-crv5"
+         name="ec-crv" value="P-521">P-521</label -->
+			</div>
+			<div class="js-rsa-opts" hidden>
+				<p>RSA Options:</p>
+				<label for="-modlen2"
+					><input
+						type="radio"
+						id="-modlen2"
+						name="rsa-len"
+						value="2048"
+						checked
+					/>2048</label
+				>
+				<label for="-modlen3"
+					><input
+						type="radio"
+						id="-modlen3"
+						name="rsa-len"
+						value="3072"
+					/>3072</label
+				>
+				<label for="-modlen5"
+					><input
+						type="radio"
+						id="-modlen5"
+						name="rsa-len"
+						value="4096"
+					/>4096</label
+				>
+			</div>
+			<button class="js-generate" hidden>Generate</button>
+		</form>
+
+		<h2>2. ACME Account</h2>
+		<form class="js-acme-account">
+			<label for="-acmeEmail">Email:</label>
+			<input
+				class="js-email"
+				type="email"
+				id="-acmeEmail"
+				value="john.doe@gmail.com"
+			/>
+			<br />
+			<label for="-acmeTos"
+				><input
+					class="js-tos"
+					name="tos"
+					type="checkbox"
+					id="-acmeTos"
+					checked
+				/>
+				Agree to Let's Encrypt Terms of Service</label
+			>
+			<br />
+			<button class="js-create-account" hidden>Create Account</button>
+		</form>
+
+		<h2>3. (optional) Certificate Signing Request</h2>
+		<form class="js-csr">
+			<label for="-acmeDomains">Domains:</label>
+			<input
+				class="js-domains"
+				type="text"
+				id="-acmeDomains"
+				value="example.com www.example.com"
+			/>
+			<br />
+			<button class="js-create-csr" hidden>Create CSR</button>
+		</form>
+
+		<h2>4. ACME Certificate Order</h2>
+		<form class="js-acme-order">
+			Challenge type:
+			<label for="-http01"
+				><input
+					type="radio"
+					id="-http01"
+					name="acme-challenge-type"
+					value="http-01"
+					checked
+				/>http-01</label
+			>
+			<label for="-dns01"
+				><input
+					type="radio"
+					id="-dns01"
+					name="acme-challenge-type"
+					value="dns-01"
+				/>dns-01</label
+			>
+			<br />
+			<label for="-skipDryrun"
+				><input
+					class="js-skip-dryrun"
+					name="skip-dryrun"
+					type="checkbox"
+					id="-skipDryrun"
+					checked
+				/>
+				Skip dry-run challenge</label
+			>
+			<br />
+			<button class="js-create-order" hidden>Create Order</button>
+		</form>
+
+		<div class="js-loading" hidden>Loading</div>
+
+		<details class="js-toc-jwk" hidden>
+			<summary>JWK Keypair</summary>
+			<pre><code class="js-jwk">&nbsp;</code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-der-private" hidden>
+			<summary>DER Private Binary</summary>
+			<pre><code class="js-der-private">&nbsp;</code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-der-public" hidden>
+			<summary>DER Public Binary</summary>
+			<pre><code class="js-der-public">&nbsp;</code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-pem js-toc-pem-pkcs1-private" hidden>
+			<summary>PEM Private (base64-encoded PKCS1 DER)</summary>
+			<pre><code  class="js-input-pem-pkcs1-private" ></code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-pem js-toc-pem-sec1-private" hidden>
+			<summary>PEM Private (base64-encoded SEC1 DER)</summary>
+			<pre><code  class="js-input-pem-sec1-private" ></code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-pem js-toc-pem-pkcs8-private" hidden>
+			<summary>PEM Private (base64-encoded PKCS8 DER)</summary>
+			<pre><code  class="js-input-pem-pkcs8-private" ></code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-pem js-toc-pem-pkcs1-public" hidden>
+			<summary>PEM Public (base64-encoded PKCS1 DER)</summary>
+			<pre><code  class="js-input-pem-pkcs1-public" ></code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-pem js-toc-pem-spki-public" hidden>
+			<summary>PEM Public (base64-encoded SPKI/PKIX DER)</summary>
+			<pre><code  class="js-input-pem-spki-public" ></code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-acme-account-response" hidden>
+			<summary>ACME Account Request</summary>
+			<pre><code class="js-acme-account-response">&nbsp;</code></pre>
+		</details>
+		<details class="js-toc-acme-order-response" hidden>
+			<summary>ACME Order Response</summary>
+			<pre><code class="js-acme-order-response">&nbsp;</code></pre>
+		</details>
+
+		<br />
+		<p>
+			[Root](https://rootprojects.org) has built a collection of
+			lightweight, zero-dependency, libraries written in VanillaJS. They
+			are fast, tiny, and secure, using the native features of modern
+			browsers where possible. This means it's easy-to-use crypto in
+			kilobytes, not megabytes.
+		</p>
+		<br />
+		<footer>
+			View (git) source
+			<a href="https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js">@root/acme</a>
+		</footer>
+
+		<!-- script src="../dist/acme.js"></script -->
+		<!-- script src="../dist/app.js"></script -->
+		<script src="./app.js"></script>
+	</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/server.js
+++ b/examples/server.js
@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+//var dnsjs = require('dns-suite');
+var dig = require('dig.js/dns-request');
+var request = require('util').promisify(require('@root/request'));
+var express = require('express');
+var app = express();
+
+var nameservers = require('dns').getServers();
+var index = crypto.randomBytes(2).readUInt16BE(0) % nameservers.length;
+var nameserver = nameservers[index];
+
+app.use('/', express.static(__dirname));
+app.use('/api', express.json());
+app.get('/api/dns/:domain', function (req, res, next) {
+	var domain = req.params.domain;
+	var casedDomain = domain
+		.toLowerCase()
+		.split('')
+		.map(function (ch) {
+			// dns0x20 takes advantage of the fact that the binary operation for toUpperCase is
+			// ch = ch | 0x20;
+			return Math.round(Math.random()) % 2 ? ch : ch.toUpperCase();
+		})
+		.join('');
+	var typ = req.query.type;
+	var query = {
+		header: {
+			id: crypto.randomBytes(2).readUInt16BE(0),
+			qr: 0,
+			opcode: 0,
+			aa: 0, // Authoritative-Only
+			tc: 0, // NA
+			rd: 1, // Recurse
+			ra: 0, // NA
+			rcode: 0 // NA
+		},
+		question: [
+			{
+				name: casedDomain,
+				//, type: typ || 'A'
+				typeName: typ || 'A',
+				className: 'IN'
+			}
+		]
+	};
+	var opts = {
+		onError: function (err) {
+			next(err);
+		},
+		onMessage: function (packet) {
+			var fail0x20;
+
+			if (packet.id !== query.id) {
+				console.error(
+					"[SECURITY] ignoring packet for '" +
+						packet.question[0].name +
+						"' due to mismatched id"
+				);
+				console.error(packet);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			packet.question.forEach(function (q) {
+				// if (-1 === q.name.lastIndexOf(cli.casedQuery))
+				if (q.name !== casedDomain) {
+					fail0x20 = q.name;
+				}
+			});
+
+			['question', 'answer', 'authority', 'additional'].forEach(function (
+				group
+			) {
+				(packet[group] || []).forEach(function (a) {
+					var an = a.name;
+					var i = domain
+						.toLowerCase()
+						.lastIndexOf(a.name.toLowerCase()); // answer is something like ExAMPle.cOM and query was wWw.ExAMPle.cOM
+					var j = a.name
+						.toLowerCase()
+						.lastIndexOf(domain.toLowerCase()); // answer is something like www.ExAMPle.cOM and query was ExAMPle.cOM
+
+					// it's important to note that these should only relpace changes in casing that we expected
+					// any abnormalities should be left intact to go "huh?" about
+					// TODO detect abnormalities?
+					if (-1 !== i) {
+						// "EXamPLE.cOm".replace("wWw.EXamPLE.cOm".substr(4), "www.example.com".substr(4))
+						a.name = a.name.replace(
+							casedDomain.substr(i),
+							domain.substr(i)
+						);
+					} else if (-1 !== j) {
+						// "www.example.com".replace("EXamPLE.cOm", "example.com")
+						a.name =
+							a.name.substr(0, j) +
+							a.name.substr(j).replace(casedDomain, domain);
+					}
+
+					// NOTE: right now this assumes that anything matching the query matches all the way to the end
+					// it does not handle the case of a record for example.com.uk being returned in response to a query for www.example.com correctly
+					// (but I don't think it should need to)
+					if (a.name.length !== an.length) {
+						console.error(
+							"[ERROR] question / answer mismatch: '" +
+								an +
+								"' != '" +
+								a.length +
+								"'"
+						);
+						console.error(a);
+					}
+				});
+			});
+
+			if (fail0x20) {
+				console.warn(
+					";; Warning: DNS 0x20 security not implemented (or packet spoofed). Queried '" +
+						casedDomain +
+						"' but got response for '" +
+						fail0x20 +
+						"'."
+				);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			res.send({
+				header: packet.header,
+				question: packet.question,
+				answer: packet.answer,
+				authority: packet.authority,
+				additional: packet.additional,
+				edns_options: packet.edns_options
+			});
+		},
+		onListening: function () {},
+		onSent: function (/*res*/) {},
+		onTimeout: function (res) {
+			console.error('dns timeout:', res);
+			next(new Error('DNS timeout - no response'));
+		},
+		onClose: function () {},
+		//, mdns: cli.mdns
+		nameserver: nameserver,
+		port: 53,
+		timeout: 2000
+	};
+
+	dig.resolveJson(query, opts);
+});
+app.get('/api/http', function (req, res) {
+	var url = req.query.url;
+	return request({ method: 'GET', url: url }).then(function (resp) {
+		res.send(resp.body);
+	});
+});
+app.get('/api/_acme_api_', function (req, res) {
+	res.send({ success: true });
+});
+
+module.exports = app;
+if (require.main === module) {
+	// curl -L http://localhost:3000/api/dns/example.com?type=A
+	console.info('Listening on localhost:3000');
+	app.listen(3000);
+	console.info('Try this:');
+	console.info("\tcurl -L 'http://localhost:3000/api/_acme_api_/'");
+	console.info(
+		"\tcurl -L 'http://localhost:3000/api/dns/example.com?type=A'"
+	);
+	console.info(
+		"\tcurl -L 'http://localhost:3000/api/http/?url=https://example.com'"
+	);
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.jwk.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.jwk.json
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+	"private": {
+		"kty": "EC",
+		"crv": "P-256",
+		"d": "HB1OvdHfLnIy2mYYO9cLU4BqP36CeyS8OsDf3OnYP-M",
+		"x": "uLh0RLpAmKyyHCf2zOaF18IIuBiJEiZ8Mu3xPZ7ZxN8",
+		"y": "vVl_cCXK0_GlCaCT5Yg750LUd8eRU6tySEdQFLM62NQ",
+		"kid": "UuuZa_56jCM2douUq1riGyRphPtRvCPkxtkg0bP-pNs"
+	},
+	"public": {
+		"kty": "EC",
+		"crv": "P-256",
+		"x": "uLh0RLpAmKyyHCf2zOaF18IIuBiJEiZ8Mu3xPZ7ZxN8",
+		"y": "vVl_cCXK0_GlCaCT5Yg750LUd8eRU6tySEdQFLM62NQ",
+		"kid": "UuuZa_56jCM2douUq1riGyRphPtRvCPkxtkg0bP-pNs"
+	}
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.registration.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.registration.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:19:57 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "341",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11407977",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf>;rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/11407977",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001pgbsovQitzg1gDmvpxu18MOh_lsxRyV8cDC19YozinE",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.registration.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.registration.json
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+	"key": {
+		"kty": "EC",
+		"crv": "P-256",
+		"x": "9JZE7ZMAAQ-26oP-_pzd9gy2CbuEvgvrB42R1rP2Pb0",
+		"y": "8yvSYK5sAx30upYpqVknnPPQlK1T3zGTLbJRC-DH_qw"
+	},
+	"contact": ["mailto:letsencrypt+staging@therootcompany.com"],
+	"initialIp": "66.219.236.169",
+	"createdAt": "2019-10-24T23:19:57.480171297Z",
+	"status": "valid"
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.request.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.request.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-acct",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJqd2siOnsia3R5IjoiRUMiLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiIsIngiOiJCa0ZsYVBQUi1JTmJfcHVvWHNlbkpGUWJLcFJQM2RraUJuQ0Y4TlNNX3lZIiwieSI6IlZCMEhjM2JoYXlJS2s4QlFiRGJSTDBJZC1LS1hoVkFhRFhLd0RENk1EMjgifSwibm9uY2UiOiIwMDAxSVBlQzN0YV91S29lLTVHanBxUVlGUjFDLVFjS0pzVFVac0daTVFPSzY5ZyIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYWNtZS1zdGFnaW5nLXYwMi5hcGkubGV0c2VuY3J5cHQub3JnL2FjbWUvbmV3LWFjY3QiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+		"payload": "eyJ0ZXJtc09mU2VydmljZUFncmVlZCI6dHJ1ZSwib25seVJldHVybkV4aXN0aW5nIjpmYWxzZSwiY29udGFjdCI6WyJtYWlsdG86bGV0c2VuY3J5cHQrc3RhZ2luZ0B0aGVyb290Y29tcGFueS5jb20iXX0",
+		"signature": "nuwft1-d349OZoQOH5lsgWCCFYsbciUFrGspiYkd630z_AZU_z0BdNXU5oT2NdaFJJXdqOJkePvEtmTFhAPCEg"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJqd2siOnsia3R5IjoiRUMiLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiIsIngiOiJCa0ZsYVBQUi1JTmJfcHVvWHNlbkpGUWJLcFJQM2RraUJuQ0Y4TlNNX3lZIiwieSI6IlZCMEhjM2JoYXlJS2s4QlFiRGJSTDBJZC1LS1hoVkFhRFhLd0RENk1EMjgifSwibm9uY2UiOiIwMDAxSVBlQzN0YV91S29lLTVHanBxUVlGUjFDLVFjS0pzVFVac0daTVFPSzY5ZyIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYWNtZS1zdGFnaW5nLXYwMi5hcGkubGV0c2VuY3J5cHQub3JnL2FjbWUvbmV3LWFjY3QiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"eyJ0ZXJtc09mU2VydmljZUFncmVlZCI6dHJ1ZSwib25seVJldHVybkV4aXN0aW5nIjpmYWxzZSwiY29udGFjdCI6WyJtYWlsdG86bGV0c2VuY3J5cHQrc3RhZ2luZ0B0aGVyb290Y29tcGFueS5jb20iXX0\",\"signature\":\"nuwft1-d349OZoQOH5lsgWCCFYsbciUFrGspiYkd630z_AZU_z0BdNXU5oT2NdaFJJXdqOJkePvEtmTFhAPCEg\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:24 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "340",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf>;rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/acct/11408075",
+	"replay-nonce": "0002O1dowqaEQWEHtP2Cz9BYJuOU91uRvRM1uPFbcdwaj-0",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/account.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/account.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+	"key": {
+		"kty": "EC",
+		"crv": "P-256",
+		"x": "BkFlaPPR-INb_puoXsenJFQbKpRP3dkiBnCF8NSM_yY",
+		"y": "VB0Hc3bhayIKk8BQbDbRL0Id-KKXhVAaDXKwDD6MD28"
+	},
+	"contact": ["mailto:letsencrypt+staging@therootcompany.com"],
+	"initialIp": "66.219.236.169",
+	"createdAt": "2019-10-24T23:41:24.38248946Z",
+	"status": "valid"
+}
--- a/fixtures/authorization.other.json
+++ b/fixtures/authorization.other.json
@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+[
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603342",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFvU05Bd25ZVjJRWlB0cGNCZHlNUWd1cXB4MFI1SzhFd0txYzJPeWxVYm5vIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MiIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+				"payload": "",
+				"signature": "mgxpomAxc-a2zEbVuyDxncZvoJTbEWwSRb3aE9W-d8TU_9iIK7jKo6RTL6jTZfgM4ToUET7F19NIqWMnQmoREw"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFvU05Bd25ZVjJRWlB0cGNCZHlNUWd1cXB4MFI1SzhFd0txYzJPeWxVYm5vIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MiIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"\",\"signature\":\"mgxpomAxc-a2zEbVuyDxncZvoJTbEWwSRb3aE9W-d8TU_9iIK7jKo6RTL6jTZfgM4ToUET7F19NIqWMnQmoREw\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:32 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "838",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+			"replay-nonce": "0002t2JSKyWPm0PEBFrttckiXqIrSEf0PoLdhv24P_QGbrw",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"identifier": {
+				"type": "dns",
+				"value": "xn--bar-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+			},
+			"status": "pending",
+			"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32Z",
+			"challenges": [
+				{
+					"type": "http-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/SX06Rw",
+					"token": "NsJOLEHJONiQqkADO_lecQ2J0u-g6I2tvkgqevUBbUA"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "dns-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/I4uhGQ",
+					"token": "NsJOLEHJONiQqkADO_lecQ2J0u-g6I2tvkgqevUBbUA"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "tls-alpn-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/E-EFfg",
+					"token": "NsJOLEHJONiQqkADO_lecQ2J0u-g6I2tvkgqevUBbUA"
+				}
+			]
+		}
+	],
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603343",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJ0MkpTS3lXUG0wUEVCRnJ0dGNraVhxSXJTRWYwUG9MZGh2MjRQX1FHYnJ3IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MyIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+				"payload": "",
+				"signature": "equGw3S_17IjiavHk25D3l3g48nE6kIhcN6bvgUdBofh1kfsc-kpPVwkZrBMndqWTh-_WHmQtfg01fkP3xzVGg"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJ0MkpTS3lXUG0wUEVCRnJ0dGNraVhxSXJTRWYwUG9MZGh2MjRQX1FHYnJ3IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MyIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"\",\"signature\":\"equGw3S_17IjiavHk25D3l3g48nE6kIhcN6bvgUdBofh1kfsc-kpPVwkZrBMndqWTh-_WHmQtfg01fkP3xzVGg\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:32 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "838",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+			"replay-nonce": "0002quWdcKvS2smvRV2Dl98tTHjPUS9sRC4ZDzjXpuyeGhc",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"identifier": {
+				"type": "dns",
+				"value": "xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+			},
+			"status": "pending",
+			"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32Z",
+			"challenges": [
+				{
+					"type": "http-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/bSRwrg",
+					"token": "Cc3I3F1Pvc_aweOeRdtzR1h2C_uhseAbiWMQkwb6Kf8"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "dns-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/Umv_5w",
+					"token": "Cc3I3F1Pvc_aweOeRdtzR1h2C_uhseAbiWMQkwb6Kf8"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "tls-alpn-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/awV7qQ",
+					"token": "Cc3I3F1Pvc_aweOeRdtzR1h2C_uhseAbiWMQkwb6Kf8"
+				}
+			]
+		}
+	],
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603344",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJxdVdkY0t2UzJzbXZSVjJEbDk4dFRIalBVUzlzUkM0WkR6alhwdXllR2hjIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0NCIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+				"payload": "",
+				"signature": "UzOSs2HvxN_mErU-wjrffbFp3JZOu6Earsq3ssj49Qcw3Bf5uyXPKO5DF7iseuL2Qammqofvh70pCka6tD_knQ"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJxdVdkY0t2UzJzbXZSVjJEbDk4dFRIalBVUzlzUkM0WkR6alhwdXllR2hjIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0NCIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"\",\"signature\":\"UzOSs2HvxN_mErU-wjrffbFp3JZOu6Earsq3ssj49Qcw3Bf5uyXPKO5DF7iseuL2Qammqofvh70pCka6tD_knQ\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:32 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "838",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+			"replay-nonce": "0001kREyyuaaIacPhD7-j73BHzyQnhfPiBM3PEwnXDFVgTc",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"identifier": {
+				"type": "dns",
+				"value": "xn--foo-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+			},
+			"status": "pending",
+			"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32Z",
+			"challenges": [
+				{
+					"type": "http-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/usH89w",
+					"token": "uv7D1YC7oWvMY8-EC2blKxmSFExYHwjCcKjGpuodwWs"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "dns-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/Hqvliw",
+					"token": "uv7D1YC7oWvMY8-EC2blKxmSFExYHwjCcKjGpuodwWs"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "tls-alpn-01",
+					"status": "pending",
+					"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/6C26qQ",
+					"token": "uv7D1YC7oWvMY8-EC2blKxmSFExYHwjCcKjGpuodwWs"
+				}
+			]
+		}
+	]
+]
--- a/fixtures/authorization.post.json
+++ b/fixtures/authorization.post.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603341",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFqNEF6c2Qwa2s2aTYwTlN6Um9aY3ZMaWRtTG81QjBzRzFsTUtUcVdyMzg4IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+		"payload": "",
+		"signature": "qjrQyqKRskdhF7DVUymZdHhm9neC9vgH9UUc6D-vtXtS8T2QW9C82qsyghZdGGJLWeKeZLRsADjmZSh5XCAa4g"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFqNEF6c2Qwa2s2aTYwTlN6Um9aY3ZMaWRtTG81QjBzRzFsTUtUcVdyMzg4IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9hdXRoei12My8xNjYwMzM0MSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"\",\"signature\":\"qjrQyqKRskdhF7DVUymZdHhm9neC9vgH9UUc6D-vtXtS8T2QW9C82qsyghZdGGJLWeKeZLRsADjmZSh5XCAa4g\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/authorization.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/authorization.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:32 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "420",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001oSNAwnYV2QZPtpcBdyMQguqpx0R5K8EwKqc2OylUbno",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/authorization.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/authorization.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+	"identifier": {
+		"type": "dns",
+		"value": "xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+	},
+	"status": "pending",
+	"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32Z",
+	"challenges": [
+		{
+			"type": "dns-01",
+			"status": "pending",
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+			"token": "DiO9DFHuFTpNsJxIbOxfVCSPVkpe4lJUjozeSyzkMjI"
+		}
+	],
+	"wildcard": true
+}
--- a/fixtures/cert.request.json
+++ b/fixtures/cert.request.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/cert/fa78326c21c0c7f06c03931900bead4fe3ee",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDExLW5qUV91MWp4N1dqVEdfY1Blam05UUxLZWxFcUVFdEpEa3JlVHJ5OVI4IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jZXJ0L2ZhNzgzMjZjMjFjMGM3ZjA2YzAzOTMxOTAwYmVhZDRmZTNlZSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+		"payload": "",
+		"signature": "639Q5Eo2_xWh3ylRy3olXJVXz_4JTrpVFkUmz9-h1l8Hrsmg47I0HFgMrHslfKEJfj86zGUh9XY-VtBF2IFcIQ"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDExLW5qUV91MWp4N1dqVEdfY1Blam05UUxLZWxFcUVFdEpEa3JlVHJ5OVI4IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jZXJ0L2ZhNzgzMjZjMjFjMGM3ZjA2YzAzOTMxOTAwYmVhZDRmZTNlZSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"\",\"signature\":\"639Q5Eo2_xWh3ylRy3olXJVXz_4JTrpVFkUmz9-h1l8Hrsmg47I0HFgMrHslfKEJfj86zGUh9XY-VtBF2IFcIQ\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/cert.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/cert.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:44 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/pem-certificate-chain",
+	"content-length": "3806",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+	"replay-nonce": "0002vmpuKxQvokCGu5-cbVhsXkBHweBkdFnNrIpufnVn8mc",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/cert.response.txt
+++ b/fixtures/cert.response.txt
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Note: I may have added or truncated a beginning or ending
+//       newline here in the process of copy/paste
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
--- a/fixtures/challenge.others.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.others.json
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+[
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/I4uhGQ",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDIybXdZUUhpR0NMMVRacUViYkNBZ1N1djJYMXctSGhkMWR0TV9zRllXRGlNIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0Mi9JNHVoR1EiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+				"payload": "e30",
+				"signature": "90XygqCrKMhqsoFD4-J56yYgEKuevnw7V-4MaP_lZKzMn9vnhK_CtWh0k5kRuePhJzopTRrWkRzXz9OExlt9WQ"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDIybXdZUUhpR0NMMVRacUViYkNBZ1N1djJYMXctSGhkMWR0TV9zRllXRGlNIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0Mi9JNHVoR1EiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"e30\",\"signature\":\"90XygqCrKMhqsoFD4-J56yYgEKuevnw7V-4MaP_lZKzMn9vnhK_CtWh0k5kRuePhJzopTRrWkRzXz9OExlt9WQ\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:42 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "292",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603342>;rel=\"up\"",
+			"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/I4uhGQ",
+			"replay-nonce": "0001XZufnGiSHfABU10B8FWCxHzvqPN991zSEO3-uQnNZqI",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns-01",
+			"status": "valid",
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603342/I4uhGQ",
+			"token": "NsJOLEHJONiQqkADO_lecQ2J0u-g6I2tvkgqevUBbUA",
+			"validationRecord": [
+				{ "hostname": "xn--bar-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com" }
+			]
+		}
+	],
+
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/Umv_5w",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFYWnVmbkdpU0hmQUJVMTBCOEZXQ3hIenZxUE45OTF6U0VPMy11UW5OWnFJIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0My9VbXZfNXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+				"payload": "e30",
+				"signature": "I5p1OLU52W7m-oHeRWAuZQyf5saBlm1Mv5UV8kqRLVxxt-kMEJLXwKgP0kgfz-rXjnZheYnrKiKERZX1wt7RdA"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFYWnVmbkdpU0hmQUJVMTBCOEZXQ3hIenZxUE45OTF6U0VPMy11UW5OWnFJIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0My9VbXZfNXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"e30\",\"signature\":\"I5p1OLU52W7m-oHeRWAuZQyf5saBlm1Mv5UV8kqRLVxxt-kMEJLXwKgP0kgfz-rXjnZheYnrKiKERZX1wt7RdA\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:43 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "292",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603343>;rel=\"up\"",
+			"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/Umv_5w",
+			"replay-nonce": "00012YkSGH0-3llPNZT_hV8Ovw11jJU9YyppuJ--gJldLTo",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns-01",
+			"status": "pending",
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603343/Umv_5w",
+			"token": "Cc3I3F1Pvc_aweOeRdtzR1h2C_uhseAbiWMQkwb6Kf8"
+		}
+	],
+	[
+		{
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/Hqvliw",
+			"json": {
+				"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJxT0s4WGhNcWtCVWgzYk1LUV9ZMUo2QXJUbEVOR01BTUQ4bHc3WjNtT2JvIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0NC9IcXZsaXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+				"payload": "e30",
+				"signature": "ltAp1E52XSMMZpleycguLlo4Hii0FxAbiXcmZBdA-vTjqJb8S1X4CVYQ-qebmYFlCipRhe9Juaj6zpvX7UbTnQ"
+			},
+			"headers": {
+				"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+				"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+				"Accept": "application/json"
+			},
+			"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJxT0s4WGhNcWtCVWgzYk1LUV9ZMUo2QXJUbEVOR01BTUQ4bHc3WjNtT2JvIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0NC9IcXZsaXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"e30\",\"signature\":\"ltAp1E52XSMMZpleycguLlo4Hii0FxAbiXcmZBdA-vTjqJb8S1X4CVYQ-qebmYFlCipRhe9Juaj6zpvX7UbTnQ\"}",
+			"method": "POST"
+		},
+
+		{
+			"server": "nginx",
+			"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:44 GMT",
+			"content-type": "application/json",
+			"content-length": "292",
+			"connection": "close",
+			"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+			"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+			"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603344>;rel=\"up\"",
+			"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/Hqvliw",
+			"replay-nonce": "0001RZo7OXhCjsG_9mtrLylmz443TVc9FOsyhfergGWmkDM",
+			"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+			"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns-01",
+			"status": "valid",
+			"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603344/Hqvliw",
+			"token": "uv7D1YC7oWvMY8-EC2blKxmSFExYHwjCcKjGpuodwWs",
+			"validationRecord": [
+				{ "hostname": "xn--foo-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com" }
+			]
+		}
+	]
+]
--- a/fixtures/challenge.pending.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.pending.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFrUkV5eXVhYUlhY1BoRDctajczQkh6eVFuaGZQaUJNM1BFd25YREZWZ1RjIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0MS95Q3RoVXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+		"payload": "e30",
+		"signature": "QZKdMroSf-qrno2UBHf_L2nL9VrvDtDEb0uLL2fp1yKkwX8u0sELLOYfIu8YqeSwcmPZ1LQHWbXLx5SQ0Lv3Pw"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFrUkV5eXVhYUlhY1BoRDctajczQkh6eVFuaGZQaUJNM1BFd25YREZWZ1RjIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0MS95Q3RoVXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"e30\",\"signature\":\"QZKdMroSf-qrno2UBHf_L2nL9VrvDtDEb0uLL2fp1yKkwX8u0sELLOYfIu8YqeSwcmPZ1LQHWbXLx5SQ0Lv3Pw\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/challenge.pending.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.pending.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:39 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "190",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603341>;rel=\"up\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001In5LKCnj27k3uNTzl19vqQ5oHlroIJJI-U1daaxNd-Y",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/challenge.pending.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.pending.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+	"type": "dns-01",
+	"status": "pending",
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"token": "DiO9DFHuFTpNsJxIbOxfVCSPVkpe4lJUjozeSyzkMjI"
+}
--- a/fixtures/challenge.valid.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.valid.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFJbjVMS0NuajI3azN1TlR6bDE5dnFRNW9IbHJvSUpKSS1VMWRhYXhOZC1ZIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0MS95Q3RoVXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+		"payload": "e30",
+		"signature": "3SVtWvRXGFirW198sM4bWErA5M_GplWkI_duSKLHtdGLe-R2D2r0VK1_Xn4exfk6MGIBSkaeeYV6RJfnsLgYLg"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFJbjVMS0NuajI3azN1TlR6bDE5dnFRNW9IbHJvSUpKSS1VMWRhYXhOZC1ZIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9jaGFsbC12My8xNjYwMzM0MS95Q3RoVXciLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"e30\",\"signature\":\"3SVtWvRXGFirW198sM4bWErA5M_GplWkI_duSKLHtdGLe-R2D2r0VK1_Xn4exfk6MGIBSkaeeYV6RJfnsLgYLg\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/challenge.valid.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.valid.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+	"type": "dns-01",
+	"status": "valid",
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"token": "DiO9DFHuFTpNsJxIbOxfVCSPVkpe4lJUjozeSyzkMjI",
+	"validationRecord": [
+		{ "hostname": "xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com" }
+	]
+}
--- a/fixtures/challenge.valid.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/challenge.valid.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:40 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "292",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\", <https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603341>;rel=\"up\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/chall-v3/16603341/yCthUw",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001P9ksMrD-4xaHyRPUVR2pq6PMQSG7T-ELjWBWXsLROv0",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/directory.request.json
+++ b/fixtures/directory.request.json
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+	"method": "GET",
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory",
+	"json": true,
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	}
+}
--- a/fixtures/directory.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/directory.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:24 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "724",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/directory.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/directory.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"Uw5jwSdQL_Q": "https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/adding-random-entries-to-the-directory/33417",
+	"keyChange": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/key-change",
+	"meta": {
+		"caaIdentities": ["letsencrypt.org"],
+		"termsOfService": "https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf",
+		"website": "https://letsencrypt.org/docs/staging-environment/"
+	},
+	"newAccount": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-acct",
+	"newNonce": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-nonce",
+	"newOrder": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-order",
+	"revokeCert": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/revoke-cert"
+}
--- a/fixtures/finalize.valid.json
+++ b/fixtures/finalize.valid.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/finalize/11408075/57799471",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFSWm83T1hoQ2pzR185bXRyTHlsbXo0NDNUVmM5Rk9zeWhmZXJnR1dta0RNIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9maW5hbGl6ZS8xMTQwODA3NS81Nzc5OTQ3MSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0",
+		"payload": "eyJjc3IiOiJNSUlEVHpDQ0FqY0NBUUF3TlRFek1ERUdBMVVFQXd3cWVHNHRMV1p2YnkxaFkyMWxhbk10TW1WaE5DMTZhemg0TG5SbGMzUXVkWFJoYUhKMWMzUXVZMjl0TUlJQklqQU5CZ2txaGtpRzl3MEJBUUVGQUFPQ0FROEFNSUlCQ2dLQ0FRRUE1ZUFqTlc4bk5CRzRhU2lhZ3BET3pBM0l4b1VIc3lZSWMwNWIzekpqRjhla3VxTW9wMTJtVW1tOGREOUh3alhuN2Z4Qi1wUDJTLVAyOUR1TGVCVG9CVEpybnBLRHBOSktaUVRrOEVfdFo4U2ZfWTc2SWZObjhONi1yODZyUjhkQ2dYNU8wUVdDY3hWbGt2aUNjVEp5SkxOQ3psLTJmNGQ2TXNaaVlFZm00bVU4WUtuMlV3NTc3T0xCNVlwdVpsZ083aEN1cF9kTVFkc1U2a0UtQWxTZHJpM1BUR1loSjNITzVIMUQtMko3ZHI1d0tOWGpHM0VKdVUzMWJmc29MVldjU1F1MURDQ2JyT05rQlZKUlk0dGxTb3hVdllmNy1OSGxuMnZWZGg2OFFPVUNYZm14YlNSb1JfOFYwdC12eTE5dHVjOVN4VzlFdmtqbUIwdWJLaWNseHdJREFRQUJvSUhVTUlIUkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkNRNHhnY013Z2NBd2diMEdBMVVkRVFTQnRUQ0Jzb0lxZUc0dExXWnZieTFoWTIxbGFuTXRNbVZoTkMxNmF6aDRMblJsYzNRdWRYUmhhSEoxYzNRdVkyOXRnaXA0YmkwdFltRnlMV0ZqYldWcWN5MHlaV0UwTFhwck9IZ3VkR1Z6ZEM1MWRHRm9jblZ6ZEM1amIyMkNMQ291ZUc0dExXSmhlaTFoWTIxbGFuTXRNbVZoTkMxNmF6aDRMblJsYzNRdWRYUmhhSEoxYzNRdVkyOXRnaXA0YmkwdFltRjZMV0ZqYldWcWN5MHlaV0UwTFhwck9IZ3VkR1Z6ZEM1MWRHRm9jblZ6ZEM1amIyMHdEUVlKS29aSWh2Y05BUUVMQlFBRGdnRUJBTV9idU84N0YtMkd2aThKZmlaZ3ZYNGNvUnllLVhSSDVnbTJ6enRjNW1KS0ZxRmRBdkV5Z0IxbE82NmJaTG5uZjk5bWRROFk5UnQ0R1RiU3N5N1djQ1NMVF91MVNGX0h1REU5SnZ2ek43MnU1VmtlLW1KelB0cG1OcTlRODZpRWNVQnVEMmNfVVVCQ0Y2ZEFsTHhUZmRQRkJWdXBPSnVCRmQ4azdBNlhhbTl0UjFKV3p4RGdrSHM1cTdmSWo1dXVLcmdjSlhWc19lWHA0QkNONEcyM2hKX01YR1RidDhqeHU1MTFOaDE0Z18wT3JlWkw1bHd5MWR5ZE9mN0pLdGpUdmtyQWE1YjJDVXlLa293NHlaLTNoUmVRcHZjVnIzcnRaTWtKdndMMHI5WjcxcENHRjViUVEweDBIVk04VzYtVkotTWJpLVlhTC04TjNyNEpTbWdDN09VIn0",
+		"signature": "_X0X-Wg86dr5mF0eS0GOYNSmO0HCenlIGQeMygRVoH7BpYO0AMK_mgRQlNR3MWNMULC_aQ-oEMtsXGMXrTa7VA"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDFSWm83T1hoQ2pzR185bXRyTHlsbXo0NDNUVmM5Rk9zeWhmZXJnR1dta0RNIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9maW5hbGl6ZS8xMTQwODA3NS81Nzc5OTQ3MSIsImFsZyI6IkVTMjU2In0\",\"payload\":\"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\",\"signature\":\"_X0X-Wg86dr5mF0eS0GOYNSmO0HCenlIGQeMygRVoH7BpYO0AMK_mgRQlNR3MWNMULC_aQ-oEMtsXGMXrTa7VA\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/finalize.valid.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/finalize.valid.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:44 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "993",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/order/11408075/57799471",
+	"replay-nonce": "00011-njQ_u1jx7WjTG_cPejm9QLKelEqEEtJDkreTry9R8",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/finalize.valid.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/finalize.valid.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+	"status": "valid",
+	"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32Z",
+	"identifiers": [
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "*.xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "xn--bar-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{ "type": "dns", "value": "xn--foo-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com" }
+	],
+	"authorizations": [
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603341",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603342",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603343",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603344"
+	],
+	"finalize": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/finalize/11408075/57799471",
+	"certificate": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/cert/fa78326c21c0c7f06c03931900bead4fe3ee"
+}
--- a/fixtures/nonce.request.json
+++ b/fixtures/nonce.request.json
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+	"method": "HEAD",
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-nonce",
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 Darwin darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64"
+	}
+}
--- a/fixtures/nonce.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/nonce.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:24 GMT",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001IPeC3ta_uKoe-5GjpqQYFR1C-QcKJsTUZsGZMQOK69g",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/nonce.response.txt
+++ b/fixtures/nonce.response.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// there is no nonce response body, see the headers
--- a/fixtures/order.request.json
+++ b/fixtures/order.request.json
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"url": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-order",
+	"json": {
+		"protected": "eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJPMWRvd3FhRVFXRUh0UDJDejlCWUp1T1U5MXVSdlJNMXVQRmJjZHdhai0wIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9uZXctb3JkZXIiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9",
+		"payload": "eyJpZGVudGlmaWVycyI6W3sidHlwZSI6ImRucyIsInZhbHVlIjoieG4tLWZvby1hY21lanMtMmVhNC16azh4LnRlc3QudXRhaHJ1c3QuY29tIn0seyJ0eXBlIjoiZG5zIiwidmFsdWUiOiJ4bi0tYmFyLWFjbWVqcy0yZWE0LXprOHgudGVzdC51dGFocnVzdC5jb20ifSx7InR5cGUiOiJkbnMiLCJ2YWx1ZSI6IioueG4tLWJhei1hY21lanMtMmVhNC16azh4LnRlc3QudXRhaHJ1c3QuY29tIn0seyJ0eXBlIjoiZG5zIiwidmFsdWUiOiJ4bi0tYmF6LWFjbWVqcy0yZWE0LXprOHgudGVzdC51dGFocnVzdC5jb20ifV19",
+		"signature": "Bw8cjSwQj_rFooUFL61gqiuLXec-8x4anHNF1ueVt_LvoCO70bYt0fM26W4hOJ9Es6fibmYazFKSTPwdgnLm2Q"
+	},
+	"headers": {
+		"User-Agent": "ACME.js/v3 node/v10.13.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64",
+		"Content-Type": "application/jose+json",
+		"Accept": "application/json"
+	},
+	"body": "{\"protected\":\"eyJraWQiOiJodHRwczovL2FjbWUtc3RhZ2luZy12MDIuYXBpLmxldHNlbmNyeXB0Lm9yZy9hY21lL2FjY3QvMTE0MDgwNzUiLCJub25jZSI6IjAwMDJPMWRvd3FhRVFXRUh0UDJDejlCWUp1T1U5MXVSdlJNMXVQRmJjZHdhai0wIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9hY21lLXN0YWdpbmctdjAyLmFwaS5sZXRzZW5jcnlwdC5vcmcvYWNtZS9uZXctb3JkZXIiLCJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiJ9\",\"payload\":\"eyJpZGVudGlmaWVycyI6W3sidHlwZSI6ImRucyIsInZhbHVlIjoieG4tLWZvby1hY21lanMtMmVhNC16azh4LnRlc3QudXRhaHJ1c3QuY29tIn0seyJ0eXBlIjoiZG5zIiwidmFsdWUiOiJ4bi0tYmFyLWFjbWVqcy0yZWE0LXprOHgudGVzdC51dGFocnVzdC5jb20ifSx7InR5cGUiOiJkbnMiLCJ2YWx1ZSI6IioueG4tLWJhei1hY21lanMtMmVhNC16azh4LnRlc3QudXRhaHJ1c3QuY29tIn0seyJ0eXBlIjoiZG5zIiwidmFsdWUiOiJ4bi0tYmF6LWFjbWVqcy0yZWE0LXprOHgudGVzdC51dGFocnVzdC5jb20ifV19\",\"signature\":\"Bw8cjSwQj_rFooUFL61gqiuLXec-8x4anHNF1ueVt_LvoCO70bYt0fM26W4hOJ9Es6fibmYazFKSTPwdgnLm2Q\"}",
+	"method": "POST"
+}
--- a/fixtures/order.response.headers.json
+++ b/fixtures/order.response.headers.json
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+	"server": "nginx",
+	"date": "Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:41:32 GMT",
+	"content-type": "application/json",
+	"content-length": "893",
+	"connection": "close",
+	"boulder-requester": "11408075",
+	"cache-control": "public, max-age=0, no-cache",
+	"link": "<https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory>;rel=\"index\"",
+	"location": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/order/11408075/57799471",
+	"replay-nonce": "0001j4Azsd0kk6i60NSzRoZcvLidmLo5B0sG1lMKTqWr388",
+	"x-frame-options": "DENY",
+	"strict-transport-security": "max-age=604800"
+}
--- a/fixtures/order.response.json
+++ b/fixtures/order.response.json
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+	"status": "pending",
+	"expires": "2019-10-31T23:41:32.669736375Z",
+	"identifiers": [
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "*.xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "xn--bar-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "dns",
+			"value": "xn--baz-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com"
+		},
+		{ "type": "dns", "value": "xn--foo-acmejs-2ea4-zk8x.test.utahrust.com" }
+	],
+	"authorizations": [
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603341",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603342",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603343",
+		"https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/authz-v3/16603344"
+	],
+	"finalize": "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/finalize/11408075/57799471"
+}
--- a/fixtures/server.jwk.json
+++ b/fixtures/server.jwk.json
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"private": {
+		"kty": "RSA",
+		"n": "ud6agEF9P6H66ciYgvZ_FakyZKossq5i6J2D4wIcJBnem5X63t7u3E7Rpc7rgVB5MElUNZmBoVO3VbaVJpiG0tS5zxkOZcj_k6C_5LXBdTHinG0bFZHtV6Wapf5fJ4PXNp71AHWv09qz4swJzz6_Rp_7ovNpivVsdVHfd8g9HqH3sjouwfIGfo-1LLm0F4NM12AJZISFt_03knhbvtd5x4ASorBiENPPnv2s7SA5kFT1Seeu-iUCq8PlKi-HMbNrLeM2E3wYySQPSSDt6UXRTvIzW_8upXRvaVThJk3wWjx-qt1CUIFoZBh2RsmiujWFFc6ORXb3GlF3U4LaMt3YEw",
+		"e": "AQAB",
+		"d": "YCzN9yVr4Jw5D_UK7WEMuzGUcMAZZs-TQFgY4UK7Ovbj18_QQrhKElb6Zfhepcf1HUYkO6PVjpuZ1tEl9hWgVcFa781AROyvSj04beiaVMDeSCCwjgW3MM3w6olnxTOUDaBMl9NNiqq0v9riDImkQbAQbe3To-KAH2ig4AMNlSZJAhmI2zAMiJhQE_pAcCxc-bQ5oNO-WSU0GRHWdMJSXp9mFgoBhVPDYGW-dmnoFzuNWssxlSqGXY-8a2YOuiunK6XM5_80c1eQqmy-k1InUIViR_wljskc8UiH6xa8BCznZYacgSz4PnvKsiKWKQQ1eliIucV3MC6BzMD3N8EWqQ",
+		"p": "8NUtOIglu0dvDGmEB7QC5eC02Y2jZKnoxHSPKMAEPxQ0131_2aL49IzADWoTvae3NBPzU7ol3RwJo_GvS967OysfOr6Od699p1FSLwLfK89aql7_uVPJh4Q43H-W_NtRHKUkv0OmkDiwa4WqBQTVfREdPQ3NJT7vIY-cqH_AMRc",
+		"q": "xZNIl9NRl3b0_V8Y-7_6_foIu9Sx5ILv2XV7WONDx2jp4vuT7byLm1UWdYPBbxLyd5TAvWqtyvaRtVNyplrD0PyyPK3NxqVJde0uzScAU-bf25DeK30V22Xo7IEZiPZoizrjtzGnS6VVNJmZ-Ictz3xmWIudw5d5XDH12fFRlmU",
+		"dp": "F1Ld9UqiNNf_NjmF0uUpHrA7c5JXD6mw5E3Ri4XFI4LGd1QtLJuu9qgm9WWfkc-LW5zPBP3TKu3LNThz3KougdV0SdEopQi255xllC34BRso0bUvmPg3XUt94kTtD4ICAf8wZuGbYP5Mf61LQP8t2dXtefs7Me89Y4ewCVWN_HM",
+		"dq": "oPuT35lgVtCnZ7dPrPjNMpnC-gCg_fcuJPqTiWaLuHQkdjzUWJYTDnqy9Qdo2e8PPx4mOXAtsT1clekrdp5oBOWQ-N4I172fcIXUZ3ZKzxJD_iw4yih-YajUs7exLabQoflWx9KeZIWPOm-ZRCYoznGnFqiT4GWQje1rS6xT9P0",
+		"qi": "aXkK-w4Npw0BpUEzQ1PURVGm5y5cKIdd-CfEYwub19rronI9EEvuQHoqR7ODtZ_mlIIffHmHaM3ug50fJDB9QDOG4Ioc5S4YxVURT58Ps8at-dQAAP1UgSlV3vhXh4WZRaDECUI_728U3fxQqH78bJsy81mU8MtGU8LR_eTMXx8",
+		"kid": "1hxSLs31DwbGo532keMUL9eY8L6gWyYlbcr0TtiV7qk"
+	},
+	"public": {
+		"kty": "RSA",
+		"n": "ud6agEF9P6H66ciYgvZ_FakyZKossq5i6J2D4wIcJBnem5X63t7u3E7Rpc7rgVB5MElUNZmBoVO3VbaVJpiG0tS5zxkOZcj_k6C_5LXBdTHinG0bFZHtV6Wapf5fJ4PXNp71AHWv09qz4swJzz6_Rp_7ovNpivVsdVHfd8g9HqH3sjouwfIGfo-1LLm0F4NM12AJZISFt_03knhbvtd5x4ASorBiENPPnv2s7SA5kFT1Seeu-iUCq8PlKi-HMbNrLeM2E3wYySQPSSDt6UXRTvIzW_8upXRvaVThJk3wWjx-qt1CUIFoZBh2RsmiujWFFc6ORXb3GlF3U4LaMt3YEw",
+		"e": "AQAB",
+		"kid": "1hxSLs31DwbGo532keMUL9eY8L6gWyYlbcr0TtiV7qk"
+	}
+}
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
--- a/lib/browser.js
+++ b/lib/browser.js
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var native = module.exports;
+
+native._canCheck = function (me) {
+	me._canCheck = {};
+	return me
+		.request({ url: me._baseUrl + '/api/_acme_api_/' })
+		.then(function (resp) {
+			if (resp.body.success) {
+				me._canCheck['http-01'] = true;
+				me._canCheck['dns-01'] = true;
+			}
+		})
+		.catch(function () {
+			// ignore
+		});
+};
+
+native._dns01 = function (me, ch) {
+	return me
+		.request({
+			url: me._baseUrl + '/api/dns/' + ch.dnsHost + '?type=TXT'
+		})
+		.then(function (resp) {
+			var err;
+			if (!resp.body || !Array.isArray(resp.body.answer)) {
+				err = new Error('failed to get DNS response');
+				console.error(err);
+				throw err;
+			}
+			if (!resp.body.answer.length) {
+				err = new Error('failed to get DNS answer record in response');
+				console.error(err);
+				throw err;
+			}
+			return {
+				answer: resp.body.answer.map(function (ans) {
+					return { data: ans.data, ttl: ans.ttl };
+				})
+			};
+		});
+};
+
+native._http01 = function (me, ch) {
+	var url = encodeURIComponent(ch.challengeUrl);
+	return me
+		.request({
+			url: me._baseUrl + '/api/http?url=' + url
+		})
+		.then(function (resp) {
+			return resp.body;
+		});
+};
--- a/lib/browser/client-user-agent.js
+++ b/lib/browser/client-user-agent.js
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var UserAgent = module.exports;
+UserAgent.get = function () {
+	return false;
+};
--- a/lib/browser/http.js
+++ b/lib/browser/http.js
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var http = module.exports;
+
+http.request = function (opts) {
+	opts.cors = true;
+	return window.fetch(opts.url, opts).then(function (resp) {
+		var headers = {};
+		var result = {
+			statusCode: resp.status,
+			headers: headers,
+			toJSON: function () {
+				return this;
+			}
+		};
+		Array.from(resp.headers.entries()).forEach(function (h) {
+			headers[h[0]] = h[1];
+		});
+		if (!headers['content-type']) {
+			return result;
+		}
+		if (/json/.test(headers['content-type'])) {
+			return resp.json().then(function (json) {
+				result.body = json;
+				return result;
+			});
+		}
+		return resp.text().then(function (txt) {
+			result.body = txt;
+			return result;
+		});
+	});
+};
--- a/lib/browser/sha2.js
+++ b/lib/browser/sha2.js
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var sha2 = module.exports;
+
+var encoder = new TextEncoder();
+sha2.sum = function (alg, str) {
+	var data = str;
+	if ('string' === typeof data) {
+		data = encoder.encode(str);
+	}
+	var sha = 'SHA-' + String(alg).replace(/^sha-?/i, '');
+	return window.crypto.subtle.digest(sha, data);
+};
--- a/lib/native.js
+++ b/lib/native.js
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var native = module.exports;
+var promisify = require('util').promisify;
+var resolveTxt = promisify(require('dns').resolveTxt);
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+native._canCheck = function (me) {
+	me._canCheck = {};
+	me._canCheck['http-01'] = true;
+	me._canCheck['dns-01'] = true;
+	return Promise.resolve();
+};
+
+native._dns01 = function (me, ch) {
+	// TODO use digd.js
+	return resolveTxt(ch.dnsHost).then(function (records) {
+		return {
+			answer: records.map(function (rr) {
+				return {
+					data: rr
+				};
+			})
+		};
+	});
+};
+
+native._http01 = function (me, ch) {
+	return new me.request({
+		url: ch.challengeUrl
+	}).then(function (resp) {
+		return resp.body;
+	});
+};
+
+// the hashcash here is for browser parity only
+// basically we ask the client to find a needle in a haystack
+// (very similar to CloudFlare's api protection)
+native._hashcash = function (ch) {
+	if (!ch || !ch.nonce) {
+		ch = { nonce: 'xxx' };
+	}
+	return Promise.resolve()
+		.then(function () {
+			// only get easy answers
+			var len = ch.needle.length;
+			var start = ch.start || 0;
+			var end = ch.end || Math.ceil(len / 2);
+			var window = parseInt(end - start, 10) || 0;
+
+			var maxLen = 6;
+			var maxTries = Math.pow(2, maxLen * 8);
+			if (
+				len > maxLen ||
+				window < Math.ceil(len / 2) ||
+				ch.needle.toLowerCase() !== ch.needle ||
+				ch.alg !== 'SHA-256'
+			) {
+				// bail unless the server is issuing very easy challenges
+				throw new Error('possible and easy answers only, please');
+			}
+
+			var haystack;
+			var i;
+			var answer;
+			var needle = Buffer.from(ch.needle, 'hex');
+			for (i = 0; i < maxTries; i += 1) {
+				answer = i.toString(16);
+				if (answer.length % 2) {
+					answer = '0' + answer;
+				}
+				haystack = crypto
+					.createHash('sha256')
+					.update(Buffer.from(ch.nonce + answer, 'hex'))
+					.digest()
+					.slice(ch.start, ch.end);
+				if (-1 !== haystack.indexOf(needle)) {
+					return ch.nonce + ':' + answer;
+				}
+			}
+			return ch.nonce + ':xxx';
+		})
+		.catch(function () {
+			//console.log('[debug]', err);
+			// ignore any error
+			return ch.nonce + ':xxx';
+		});
+};
--- a/lib/node/client-user-agent.js
+++ b/lib/node/client-user-agent.js
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var os = require('os');
+var ver = require('../../package.json').version;
+
+var UserAgent = module.exports;
+UserAgent.get = function (me) {
+	// ACME clients MUST have an RFC7231-compliant User-Agent
+	// ex: Greenlock/v3 ACME.js/v3 node/v12.0.0 darwin/17.7.0 Darwin/x64
+	//
+	// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8555#section-6.1
+	// And https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.5.3
+	// And https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/user-agent-flag-explained/3843/2
+
+	var ua =
+		'ACME.js/' +
+		ver +
+		' ' +
+		process.release.name +
+		'/' +
+		process.version +
+		' ' +
+		os.platform() +
+		'/' +
+		os.release() +
+		' ' +
+		os.type() +
+		'/' +
+		process.arch;
+
+	var pkg = me.packageAgent;
+	if (pkg) {
+		ua = pkg + ' ' + ua;
+	}
+
+	return ua;
+};
--- a/lib/node/http.js
+++ b/lib/node/http.js
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var http = module.exports;
+var promisify = require('util').promisify;
+var request = promisify(require('@root/request'));
+
+http.request = function (opts) {
+	return request(opts);
+};
--- a/lib/node/sha2.js
+++ b/lib/node/sha2.js
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* global Promise */
+'use strict';
+
+var sha2 = module.exports;
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+sha2.sum = function (alg, str) {
+	return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+		var sha = 'sha' + String(alg).replace(/^sha-?/i, '');
+		// utf8 is the default for strings
+		var buf = Buffer.from(str);
+		return crypto.createHash(sha).update(buf).digest();
+	});
+};
--- a/maintainers.js
+++ b/maintainers.js
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var M = module.exports;
+var native = require('./lib/native.js');
+
+// Keep track of active maintainers so that we know who to inform if
+// something breaks or has a serious bug or flaw.
+
+var oldCollegeTries = {};
+M.init = function (me) {
+	if (oldCollegeTries[me.maintainerEmail]) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	var tz = '';
+	try {
+		// Use timezone to stagger messages to maintainers
+		tz = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
+	} catch (e) {
+		// ignore node versions with no or incomplete Intl
+	}
+
+	// Use locale to know what language to use
+	var env = process.env;
+	var locale = env.LC_ALL || env.LC_MESSAGES || env.LANG || env.LANGUAGE;
+
+	try {
+		M._init(me, tz, locale);
+	} catch (e) {
+		//console.log(e);
+		// ignore
+	}
+};
+
+M._init = function (me, tz, locale) {
+	setTimeout(function () {
+		// prevent a stampede from misconfigured clients in an eternal loop
+		me.request({
+			timeout: 3000,
+			method: 'GET',
+			url: 'https://api.rootprojects.org/api/nonce',
+			json: true
+		})
+			.then(function (resp) {
+				// in the browser this will work until solved, but in
+				// node this will bail unless the challenge is trivial
+				return native._hashcash(resp.body || {});
+			})
+			.then(function (hashcash) {
+				var req = {
+					timeout: 3000,
+					headers: {
+						'x-root-nonce-v1': hashcash
+					},
+					method: 'POST',
+					url:
+						'https://api.rootprojects.org/api/projects/ACME.js/dependents',
+					json: {
+						maintainer: me.maintainerEmail,
+						package: me.packageAgent,
+						tz: tz,
+						locale: locale
+					}
+				};
+				return me.request(req);
+			})
+			.catch(function (err) {
+				if (me.debug) {
+					console.error(
+						'error adding maintainer to support notices:'
+					);
+					console.error(err);
+				}
+			})
+			.then(function (/*resp*/) {
+				oldCollegeTries[me.maintainerEmail] = true;
+				//console.log(resp);
+			});
+	}, me.__timeout || 3000);
+};
+
+if (require.main === module) {
+	var ACME = require('./');
+	var acme = ACME.create({
+		maintainerEmail: 'aj+acme-test@rootprojects.org',
+		packageAgent: 'test/v0',
+		__timeout: 100
+	});
+	M.init(acme);
+}
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@ -1,46 +1,226 @@
 {
-	"name": "acme-v2",
-	"version": "1.8.7",
+	"name": "@root/acme",
+	"version": "3.1.1",
 	"lockfileVersion": 1,
 	"requires": true,
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@root/request": {
-			"version": "1.3.11",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/request/-/request-1.3.11.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-3a4Eeghcjsfe6zh7EJ+ni1l8OK9Fz2wL1OjP4UCa0YdvtH39kdXB9RGWuzyNv7dZi0+Ffkc83KfH0WbPMiuJFw=="
+		"@root/asn1": {
+			"version": "1.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/asn1/-/asn1-1.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-0lfZNuOULKJDJmdIkP8V9RnbV3XaK6PAHD3swnFy4tZwtlMDzLKoM/dfNad7ut8Hu3r91wy9uK0WA/9zym5mig==",
+			"requires": {
+				"@root/encoding": "^1.0.1"
+			}
 		},
-		"dotenv": {
-			"version": "8.0.0",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dotenv/-/dotenv-8.0.0.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-30xVGqjLjiUOArT4+M5q9sYdvuR4riM6yK9wMcas9Vbp6zZa+ocC9dp6QoftuhTPhFAiLK/0C5Ni2nou/Bk8lg==",
+		"@root/csr": {
+			"version": "0.8.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/csr/-/csr-0.8.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-hKl0VuE549TK6SnS2Yn9nRvKbFZXn/oAg+dZJU/tlKl/f/0yRXeuUzf8akg3JjtJq+9E592zDqeXZ7yyrg8fSQ==",
+			"requires": {
+				"@root/asn1": "^1.0.0",
+				"@root/pem": "^1.0.4",
+				"@root/x509": "^0.7.2"
+			}
+		},
+		"@root/encoding": {
+			"version": "1.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/encoding/-/encoding-1.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-OaEub02ufoU038gy6bsNHQOjIn8nUjGiLcaRmJ40IUykneJkIW5fxDqKxQx48cszuNflYldsJLPPXCrGfHs8yQ=="
+		},
+		"@root/keypairs": {
+			"version": "0.10.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/keypairs/-/keypairs-0.10.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-t8VocY46Mtb0NTsxzyLLf5tsgfw0BXLYVADAyiRdEdqHcvPFGJdjkXNtHVQuSV/FMaC65iTOHVP4E6X8iT3Ikg==",
+			"requires": {
+				"@root/encoding": "^1.0.1",
+				"@root/pem": "^1.0.4",
+				"@root/x509": "^0.7.2"
+			}
+		},
+		"@root/pem": {
+			"version": "1.0.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/pem/-/pem-1.0.4.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-rEUDiUsHtild8GfIjFE9wXtcVxeS+ehCJQBwbQQ3IVfORKHK93CFnRtkr69R75lZFjcmKYVc+AXDB+AeRFOULA=="
+		},
+		"@root/request": {
+			"version": "1.6.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/request/-/request-1.6.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-8wrWyeBLRp7T8J36GkT3RODJ6zYmL0/maWlAUD5LOXT28D3TDquUepyYDKYANNA3Gc8R5ZCgf+AXvSTYpJEWwQ=="
+		},
+		"@root/x509": {
+			"version": "0.7.2",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/x509/-/x509-0.7.2.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-ENq3LGYORK5NiMFHEVeNMt+fTXaC7DTS6sQXoqV+dFdfT0vmiL5cDLjaXQhaklJQq0NiwicZegzJRl1ZOTp3WQ==",
+			"requires": {
+				"@root/asn1": "^1.0.0",
+				"@root/encoding": "^1.0.1"
+			}
+		},
+		"balanced-match": {
+			"version": "1.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-1.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-ibTRmasr7kneFk6gK4nORi1xt2c=",
 			"dev": true
 		},
-		"eckles": {
+		"bluebird": {
+			"version": "3.7.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bluebird/-/bluebird-3.7.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-DdmyoGCleJnkbp3nkbxTLJ18rjDsE4yCggEwKNXkeV123sPNfOCYeDoeuOY+F2FrSjO1YXcTU+dsy96KMy+gcg==",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"brace-expansion": {
+			"version": "1.1.11",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.11.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
+				"concat-map": "0.0.1"
+			}
+		},
+		"cli": {
+			"version": "1.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cli/-/cli-1.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-IoF1NPJL+klQw01TLUjsvGIbjBQ=",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"exit": "0.1.2",
+				"glob": "^7.1.1"
+			}
+		},
+		"concat-map": {
+			"version": "0.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/concat-map/-/concat-map-0.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-2Klr13/Wjfd5OnMDajug1UBdR3s=",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"dig.js": {
+			"version": "1.3.9",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dig.js/-/dig.js-1.3.9.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-O/tSWZuW7AwpjsgePPmTanwvSDL9xF+FzLTJD9byN3C6lk79iMejC/Ahz9CERAXTW4e2TXL1vtqh3T0Ug79ocA==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"cli": "^1.0.1",
+				"dns-suite": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/dns-suite.js#v1.2",
+				"hexdump.js": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/hexdump.js#v1.0.4"
+			},
+			"dependencies": {
+				"dns-suite": {
+					"version": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/dns-suite.js#092008f766540909d27c934211495c9e03705bf3",
+					"from": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/dns-suite.js#v1.2",
+					"dev": true,
+					"requires": {
+						"bluebird": "^3.5.0",
+						"hexdump.js": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/hexdump.js#v1.0.4"
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"dns-suite": {
+			"version": "1.2.13",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dns-suite/-/dns-suite-1.2.13.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-veYKPHUc2RfRCe7c4G/iKxhRv0S4InJ3JsW8tEhW6Yb7dn3ac34iozC6cNX0uzHYZUw0BG5V9Fu65L1bx1GeBg==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"@root/hexdump": "^1.1.1"
+			},
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@root/hexdump": {
+					"version": "1.1.1",
+					"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@root/hexdump/-/hexdump-1.1.1.tgz",
+					"integrity": "sha512-AmrmLOutlzctR599ittO06lINOco1TIqb0c1wu83fP2Eoi5iSvx7kVWC4mDufze8rxPewC+aQOx4e6Pw7izV4A==",
+					"dev": true
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"dotenv": {
+			"version": "8.2.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dotenv/-/dotenv-8.2.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-8sJ78ElpbDJBHNeBzUbUVLsqKdccaa/BXF1uPTw3GrvQTBgrQrtObr2mUrE38vzYd8cEv+m/JBfDLioYcfXoaw==",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"exit": {
+			"version": "0.1.2",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/exit/-/exit-0.1.2.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-BjJjj42HfMghB9MKD/8aF8uhzQw=",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"fs.realpath": {
+			"version": "1.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-FQStJSMVjKpA20onh8sBQRmU6k8=",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"glob": {
+			"version": "7.1.6",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob/-/glob-7.1.6.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-LwaxwyZ72Lk7vZINtNNrywX0ZuLyStrdDtabefZKAY5ZGJhVtgdznluResxNmPitE0SAO+O26sWTHeKSI2wMBA==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"fs.realpath": "^1.0.0",
+				"inflight": "^1.0.4",
+				"inherits": "2",
+				"minimatch": "^3.0.4",
+				"once": "^1.3.0",
+				"path-is-absolute": "^1.0.0"
+			}
+		},
+		"hexdump.js": {
+			"version": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/hexdump.js#222fa7de5036a16397de2fe703c35ac54a3d8d0c",
+			"from": "git+https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/hexdump.js#v1.0.4",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"inflight": {
+			"version": "1.0.6",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/inflight/-/inflight-1.0.6.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-Sb1jMdfQLQwJvJEKEHW6gWW1bfk=",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"once": "^1.3.0",
+				"wrappy": "1"
+			}
+		},
+		"inherits": {
+			"version": "2.0.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/inherits/-/inherits-2.0.4.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-k/vGaX4/Yla3WzyMCvTQOXYeIHvqOKtnqBduzTHpzpQZzAskKMhZ2K+EnBiSM9zGSoIFeMpXKxa4dYeZIQqewQ==",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"minimatch": {
+			"version": "3.0.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.0.4.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-yJHVQEhyqPLUTgt9B83PXu6W3rx4MvvHvSUvToogpwoGDOUQ+yDrR0HRot+yOCdCO7u4hX3pWft6kWBBcqh0UA==",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
+			}
+		},
+		"once": {
+			"version": "1.4.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/once/-/once-1.4.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-WDsap3WWHUsROsF9nFC6753Xa9E=",
+			"dev": true,
+			"requires": {
+				"wrappy": "1"
+			}
+		},
+		"path-is-absolute": {
+			"version": "1.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-is-absolute/-/path-is-absolute-1.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-F0uSaHNVNP+8es5r9TpanhtcX18=",
+			"dev": true
+		},
+		"punycode": {
 			"version": "1.4.1",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eckles/-/eckles-1.4.1.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-auWyk/k8oSkVHaD4RxkPadKsLUcIwKgr/h8F7UZEueFDBO7BsE4y+H6IMUDbfqKIFPg/9MxV6KcBdJCmVVcxSA=="
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/punycode/-/punycode-1.4.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-wNWmOycYgArY4esPpSachN1BhF4=",
+			"dev": true
 		},
-		"keypairs": {
-			"version": "1.2.14",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/keypairs/-/keypairs-1.2.14.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-ZoZfZMygyB0QcjSlz7Rh6wT2CJasYEHBPETtmHZEfxuJd7bnsOG5AdtPZqHZBT+hoHvuWCp/4y8VmvTvH0Y9uA==",
-			"requires": {
-				"eckles": "^1.4.1",
-				"rasha": "^1.2.4"
-			}
-		},
-		"rasha": {
-			"version": "1.2.5",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rasha/-/rasha-1.2.5.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-KxtX+/fBk+wM7O3CNgwjSh5elwFilLvqWajhr6wFr2Hd63JnKTTi43Tw+Jb1hxJQWOwoya+NZWR2xztn3hCrTw=="
-		},
-		"rsa-compat": {
-			"version": "2.0.8",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rsa-compat/-/rsa-compat-2.0.8.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-BFiiSEbuxzsVdaxpejbxfX07qs+rtous49Y6mL/zw6YHh9cranDvm2BvBmqT3rso84IsxNlP5BXnuNvm1Wn3Tw==",
-			"requires": {
-				"keypairs": "^1.2.14"
-			}
+		"wrappy": {
+			"version": "1.0.2",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha1-tSQ9jz7BqjXxNkYFvA0QNuMKtp8=",
+			"dev": true
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -1,44 +1,63 @@
 {
-	"name": "acme-v2",
-	"version": "1.8.7",
-	"description": "A lightweight library for getting Free SSL certifications through Let's Encrypt, using the ACME protocol.",
-	"homepage": "https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js",
-	"main": "index.js",
+	"name": "@root/acme",
+	"version": "3.1.1",
+	"description": "Free SSL certificates for Node.js and Browsers. Issued via Let's Encrypt",
+	"homepage": "https://rootprojects.org/acme/",
+	"main": "acme.js",
+	"browser": {
+		"./lib/native.js": "./lib/browser.js",
+		"./lib/node/sha2.js": "./lib/browser/sha2.js",
+		"./lib/node/http.js": "./lib/browser/http.js",
+		"./lib/node/client-user-agent.js": "./lib/browser/client-user-agent.js"
+	},
 	"files": [
-		"index.js",
-		"compat.js",
+		"*.js",
 		"lib",
-		"scripts"
+		"bin",
+		"scripts",
+		"dist"
 	],
 	"scripts": {
-		"bump": "npm version -m \"chore(release): bump to v%s\"",
-		"fmt": "npm run prettier",
-		"prettier": "npx -p prettier@3.x -- prettier -w '**/*.{js,md}'",
-		"test": "node ./test.js"
+		"build": "node_xxx bin/bundle.js",
+		"lint": "jshint lib bin",
+		"postinstall": "node scripts/postinstall",
+		"test": "node server.js",
+		"start": "node server.js"
 	},
 	"repository": {
 		"type": "git",
 		"url": "https://git.rootprojects.org/root/acme.js.git"
 	},
 	"keywords": [
-		"Let's Encrypt",
 		"ACME",
-		"v02",
-		"v2",
-		"draft-11",
-		"draft-12",
-		"free ssl",
-		"tls",
-		"automated https",
-		"letsencrypt"
+		"Let's Encrypt",
+		"EC",
+		"RSA",
+		"CSR",
+		"browser",
+		"greenlock",
+		"VanillaJS",
+		"ZeroSSL"
 	],
-	"author": "AJ ONeal <aj@therootcompany.com> (https://therootcompany.com/)",
+	"author": "AJ ONeal <coolaj86@gmail.com> (https://coolaj86.com/)",
 	"license": "MPL-2.0",
 	"dependencies": {
-		"@root/request": "^1.3.11",
-		"rsa-compat": "^2.0.8"
+		"@root/csr": "^0.8.1",
+		"@root/encoding": "^1.0.1",
+		"@root/keypairs": "^0.10.0",
+		"@root/pem": "^1.0.4",
+		"@root/request": "^1.6.1",
+		"@root/x509": "^0.7.2"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
-		"dotenv": "^8.0.0"
+		"dig.js": "^1.3.9",
+		"dns-suite": "^1.2.13",
+		"dotenv": "^8.1.0",
+		"punycode": "^1.4.1"
+	},
+	"trulyOptionalDependencies": {
+		"eslint": "^6.5.1",
+		"webpack": "^4.41.0",
+		"webpack-cli": "^3.3.9"
 	}
 }
--- a/scripts/postinstall
+++ b/scripts/postinstall
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+'use strict';
+
+// TODO put postinstall message
--- a/test.js
+++ b/test.js
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-require('dotenv').config();
-require('./examples/dns-01-digitalocean.js');
--- a/tests/cb.js
+++ b/tests/cb.js
@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-
-module.exports.run = function run(
-	directoryUrl,
-	RSA,
-	web,
-	chType,
-	email,
-	accountKeypair,
-	domainKeypair
-) {
-	// [ 'test.ppl.family' ] 'coolaj86@gmail.com''http-01'
-	var acme2 = require('../').ACME.create({ RSA: RSA });
-	acme2.init(directoryUrl).then(function() {
-		var options = {
-			agreeToTerms: function(tosUrl, agree) {
-				agree(null, tosUrl);
-			},
-			setChallenge: function(opts, cb) {
-				var pathname;
-
-				console.log('');
-				console.log('identifier:');
-				console.log(opts.identifier);
-				console.log('hostname:');
-				console.log(opts.hostname);
-				console.log('type:');
-				console.log(opts.type);
-				console.log('token:');
-				console.log(opts.token);
-				console.log('thumbprint:');
-				console.log(opts.thumbprint);
-				console.log('keyAuthorization:');
-				console.log(opts.keyAuthorization);
-				console.log('dnsAuthorization:');
-				console.log(opts.dnsAuthorization);
-				console.log('');
-
-				if ('http-01' === opts.type) {
-					pathname =
-						opts.hostname +
-						acme2.challengePrefixes['http-01'] +
-						'/' +
-						opts.token;
-					console.log(
-						"Put the string '" +
-							opts.keyAuthorization +
-							"' into a file at '" +
-							pathname +
-							"'"
-					);
-					console.log(
-						"echo '" + opts.keyAuthorization + "' > '" + pathname + "'"
-					);
-				} else if ('dns-01' === opts.type) {
-					pathname =
-						acme2.challengePrefixes['dns-01'] +
-						'.' +
-						opts.hostname.replace(/^\*\./, '');
-					console.log(
-						"Put the string '" +
-							opts.dnsAuthorization +
-							"' into the TXT record '" +
-							pathname +
-							"'"
-					);
-					console.log(
-						'ddig TXT ' + pathname + " '" + opts.dnsAuthorization + "'"
-					);
-				} else {
-					cb(new Error('[acme-v2] unrecognized challenge type'));
-					return;
-				}
-				console.log("\nThen hit the 'any' key to continue...");
-
-				function onAny() {
-					console.log("'any' key was hit");
-					process.stdin.pause();
-					process.stdin.removeListener('data', onAny);
-					process.stdin.setRawMode(false);
-					cb();
-				}
-
-				process.stdin.setRawMode(true);
-				process.stdin.resume();
-				process.stdin.on('data', onAny);
-			},
-			removeChallenge: function(opts, cb) {
-				// hostname, key
-				console.log(
-					'[acme-v2] remove challenge',
-					opts.hostname,
-					opts.keyAuthorization
-				);
-				setTimeout(cb, 1 * 1000);
-			},
-			challengeType: chType,
-			email: email,
-			accountKeypair: accountKeypair,
-			domainKeypair: domainKeypair,
-			domains: web
-		};
-
-		acme2.accounts.create(options).then(function(account) {
-			console.log('[acme-v2] account:');
-			console.log(account);
-
-			acme2.certificates.create(options).then(function(fullchainPem) {
-				console.log('[acme-v2] fullchain.pem:');
-				console.log(fullchainPem);
-			});
-		});
-	});
-};
--- a/tests/compat.js
+++ b/tests/compat.js
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-
-module.exports.run = function(
-	directoryUrl,
-	RSA,
-	web,
-	chType,
-	email,
-	accountKeypair,
-	domainKeypair
-) {
-	console.log('[DEBUG] run', web, chType, email);
-
-	var acme2 = require('../compat.js').ACME.create({ RSA: RSA });
-	acme2.getAcmeUrls(acme2.stagingServerUrl, function(err /*, directoryUrls*/) {
-		if (err) {
-			console.log('err 1');
-			throw err;
-		}
-
-		var options = {
-			agreeToTerms: function(tosUrl, agree) {
-				agree(null, tosUrl);
-			},
-			setChallenge: function(hostname, token, val, cb) {
-				var pathname;
-
-				if ('http-01' === cb.type) {
-					pathname = hostname + acme2.acmeChallengePrefix + token;
-					console.log(
-						"Put the string '" +
-						val /*keyAuthorization*/ +
-							"' into a file at '" +
-							pathname +
-							"'"
-					);
-					console.log(
-						"echo '" + val /*keyAuthorization*/ + "' > '" + pathname + "'"
-					);
-					console.log("\nThen hit the 'any' key to continue...");
-				} else if ('dns-01' === cb.type) {
-					// forwards-backwards compat
-					pathname =
-						acme2.challengePrefixes['dns-01'] +
-						'.' +
-						hostname.replace(/^\*\./, '');
-					console.log(
-						"Put the string '" +
-							cb.dnsAuthorization +
-							"' into the TXT record '" +
-							pathname +
-							"'"
-					);
-					console.log('dig TXT ' + pathname + " '" + cb.dnsAuthorization + "'");
-					console.log("\nThen hit the 'any' key to continue...");
-				} else {
-					cb(new Error('[acme-v2] unrecognized challenge type: ' + cb.type));
-					return;
-				}
-
-				function onAny() {
-					console.log("'any' key was hit");
-					process.stdin.pause();
-					process.stdin.removeListener('data', onAny);
-					process.stdin.setRawMode(false);
-					cb();
-				}
-
-				process.stdin.setRawMode(true);
-				process.stdin.resume();
-				process.stdin.on('data', onAny);
-			},
-			removeChallenge: function(hostname, key, cb) {
-				console.log('[DEBUG] remove challenge', hostname, key);
-				setTimeout(cb, 1 * 1000);
-			},
-			challengeType: chType,
-			email: email,
-			accountKeypair: accountKeypair,
-			domainKeypair: domainKeypair,
-			domains: web
-		};
-
-		acme2.registerNewAccount(options, function(err, account) {
-			if (err) {
-				console.log('err 2');
-				throw err;
-			}
-			if (options.debug) console.debug('account:');
-			if (options.debug) console.log(account);
-
-			acme2.getCertificate(options, function(err, fullchainPem) {
-				if (err) {
-					console.log('err 3');
-					throw err;
-				}
-				console.log('[acme-v2] A fullchain.pem:');
-				console.log(fullchainPem);
-			});
-		});
-	});
-};
--- a/tests/compute-authorization-response.js
+++ b/tests/compute-authorization-response.js
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var ACME = require('../');
+var accountKey = require('../fixtures/account.jwk.json').private;
+
+var authorization = {
+	identifier: {
+		type: 'dns',
+		value: 'example.com'
+	},
+	status: 'pending',
+	expires: '2018-04-25T00:23:57Z',
+	challenges: [
+		{
+			type: 'dns-01',
+			status: 'pending',
+			url:
+				'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/challenge/cMkwXI8pIeKN04Ynfem8ErHK3GeqAPdSt2x6q7PvVGU/118755342',
+			token: 'LZdlUiZ-kWPs6q5WTmQFYQHZKpz9szn2vxEUu0XhyyM'
+		},
+		{
+			type: 'http-01',
+			status: 'pending',
+			url:
+				'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/challenge/cMkwXI8pIeKN04Ynfem8ErHK3GeqAPdSt2x6q7PvVGU/118755343',
+			token: '1S4zBG5YVhwSBaIY4ksI_KNMRrSmH0DZfNM9v7PYjDU'
+		}
+	]
+};
+var expectedChallengeUrl =
+	'http://example.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/1S4zBG5YVhwSBaIY4ksI_KNMRrSmH0DZfNM9v7PYjDU';
+var expectedKeyAuth =
+	'1S4zBG5YVhwSBaIY4ksI_KNMRrSmH0DZfNM9v7PYjDU.UuuZa_56jCM2douUq1riGyRphPtRvCPkxtkg0bP-pNs';
+var expectedKeyAuthDigest = 'iQiMcQUDiAeD0TJV1RHJuGnI5D2-PuSpxKz9JqUaZ2M';
+var expectedDnsHost = '_test-challenge.example.com';
+
+async function main() {
+	console.info('\n[Test] computing challenge authorizatin responses');
+	var challenges = authorization.challenges.slice(0);
+
+	function next() {
+		var ch = challenges.shift();
+		if (!ch) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		var hostname = authorization.identifier.value;
+		return ACME.computeChallenge({
+			accountKey: accountKey,
+			hostname: hostname,
+			challenge: ch,
+			dnsPrefix: '_test-challenge'
+		})
+			.then(function (auth) {
+				if ('dns-01' === ch.type) {
+					if (auth.keyAuthorizationDigest !== expectedKeyAuthDigest) {
+						console.error('[keyAuthorizationDigest]');
+						console.error(auth.keyAuthorizationDigest);
+						console.error(expectedKeyAuthDigest);
+						throw new Error('bad keyAuthDigest');
+					}
+					if (auth.dnsHost !== expectedDnsHost) {
+						console.error('[dnsHost]');
+						console.error(auth.dnsHost);
+						console.error(expectedDnsHost);
+						throw new Error('bad dnsHost');
+					}
+				} else if ('http-01' === ch.type) {
+					if (auth.challengeUrl !== expectedChallengeUrl) {
+						console.error('[challengeUrl]');
+						console.error(auth.challengeUrl);
+						console.error(expectedChallengeUrl);
+						throw new Error('bad challengeUrl');
+					}
+					if (auth.challengeUrl !== expectedChallengeUrl) {
+						console.error('[keyAuthorization]');
+						console.error(auth.keyAuthorization);
+						console.error(expectedKeyAuth);
+						throw new Error('bad keyAuth');
+					}
+				} else {
+					throw new Error('bad authorization inputs');
+				}
+				console.info('PASS', hostname, ch.type);
+				return next();
+			})
+			.catch(function (err) {
+				err.message =
+					'Error computing ' +
+					ch.type +
+					' for ' +
+					hostname +
+					':' +
+					err.message;
+				throw err;
+			});
+	}
+
+	return next();
+}
+
+module.exports = function () {
+	return main(authorization)
+		.then(function () {
+			console.info('PASS');
+		})
+		.catch(function (err) {
+			console.error(err.stack);
+			process.exit(1);
+		});
+};
--- a/tests/format-pem-chains.js
+++ b/tests/format-pem-chains.js
@ -35,55 +35,46 @@ var tests = [
 	'----\nxxxx\nyyyy\n----\r\n----\nxxxx\ryyyy\n----\n'
 ];

-function formatPemChain(str) {
-	return (
-		str
-			.trim()
-			.replace(/[\r\n]+/g, '\n')
-			.replace(/\-\n\-/g, '-\n\n-') + '\n'
-	);
-}
-function splitPemChain(str) {
-	return str
-		.trim()
-		.split(/[\r\n]{2,}/g)
-		.map(function(str) {
-			return str + '\n';
-		});
-}
+var ACME = require('../');

-tests.forEach(function(str) {
-	var actual = formatPemChain(str);
-	if (expected !== actual) {
-		console.error('input:   ', JSON.stringify(str));
-		console.error('expected:', JSON.stringify(expected));
-		console.error('actual:  ', JSON.stringify(actual));
-		throw new Error('did not pass');
+module.exports = function () {
+	console.info('\n[Test] can split and format PEM chain properly');
+
+	tests.forEach(function (str) {
+		var actual = ACME.formatPemChain(str);
+		if (expected !== actual) {
+			console.error('input:   ', JSON.stringify(str));
+			console.error('expected:', JSON.stringify(expected));
+			console.error('actual:  ', JSON.stringify(actual));
+			throw new Error('did not pass');
+		}
+	});
+
+	if (
+		'----\nxxxx\nyyyy\n----\n' !==
+		ACME.formatPemChain('\n\n----\r\nxxxx\r\nyyyy\r\n----\n\n')
+	) {
+		throw new Error('Not proper for single cert in chain');
 	}
-});

-if (
-	'----\nxxxx\nyyyy\n----\n' !==
-	formatPemChain('\n\n----\r\nxxxx\r\nyyyy\r\n----\n\n')
-) {
-	throw new Error('Not proper for single cert in chain');
-}
-
-if (
-	'--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n' !==
-	formatPemChain(
-		'\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n'
-	)
-) {
-	throw new Error('Not proper for three certs in chain');
-}
-
-splitPemChain(
-	'--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n'
-).forEach(function(str) {
-	if ('--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n' !== str) {
-		throw new Error('bad thingy');
+	if (
+		'--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n' !==
+		ACME.formatPemChain(
+			'\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n\n'
+		)
+	) {
+		throw new Error('Not proper for three certs in chain');
 	}
-});

-console.info('PASS');
+	ACME.splitPemChain(
+		'--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n\n--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n'
+	).forEach(function (str) {
+		if ('--B--\nxxxx\nyyyy\n--E--\n' !== str) {
+			throw new Error('bad thingy');
+		}
+	});
+
+	console.info('PASS');
+
+	return Promise.resolve();
+};
--- a/tests/generate-cert-key.js
+++ b/tests/generate-cert-key.js
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = async function () {
+	console.log('[Test] can generate, export, and import key');
+	var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+
+	var certKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: 'RSA' });
+	//console.log(certKeypair);
+	var pem = await Keypairs.export({
+		jwk: certKeypair.private,
+		encoding: 'pem'
+	});
+	var jwk = await Keypairs.import({
+		pem: pem
+	});
+	['kty', 'd', 'n', 'e'].forEach(function (k) {
+		if (!jwk[k] || jwk[k] !== certKeypair.private[k]) {
+			throw new Error('bad export/import');
+		}
+	});
+	//console.log(pem);
+	console.log('PASS');
+};
+
+if (require.main === module) {
+	module.exports();
+}
--- a/tests/index.js
+++ b/tests/index.js
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+'use strict';
+
+async function main() {
+	await require('./generate-cert-key.js')();
+	await require('./format-pem-chains.js')();
+	await require('./compute-authorization-response.js')();
+	await require('./issue-certificates.js')();
+}
+
+main();
--- a/tests/issue-certificates.js
+++ b/tests/issue-certificates.js
@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+'use strict';
+
+require('dotenv').config();
+
+var pkg = require('../package.json');
+var CSR = require('@root/csr');
+var Enc = require('@root/encoding/base64');
+var PEM = require('@root/pem');
+var punycode = require('punycode');
+var ACME = require('../acme.js');
+var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+var ecJwk = require('../fixtures/account.jwk.json');
+
+// TODO exec npm install --save-dev CHALLENGE_MODULE
+if (!process.env.CHALLENGE_OPTIONS) {
+	console.error(
+		'Please create a .env in the format of examples/example.env to run the tests'
+	);
+	process.exit(1);
+}
+
+var config = {
+	env: process.env.ENV,
+	email: process.env.SUBSCRIBER_EMAIL,
+	domain: process.env.BASE_DOMAIN,
+	challengeType: process.env.CHALLENGE_TYPE,
+	challengeModule: process.env.CHALLENGE_PLUGIN,
+	challengeOptions: JSON.parse(process.env.CHALLENGE_OPTIONS)
+};
+//config.debug = !/^PROD/i.test(config.env);
+var pluginPrefix = 'acme-' + config.challengeType + '-';
+var pluginName = config.challengeModule;
+var plugin;
+
+module.exports = function () {
+	console.info('\n[Test] end-to-end issue certificates');
+
+	var acme = ACME.create({
+		// debug: true
+		maintainerEmail: config.email,
+		packageAgent: 'test-' + pkg.name + '/' + pkg.version,
+		notify: function (ev, params) {
+			console.info(
+				'\t' + ev,
+				params.subject || params.altname || params.domain || '',
+				params.status || ''
+			);
+			if ('error' === ev) {
+				console.error(params.action || params.type || '');
+				console.error(params);
+			}
+		}
+	});
+
+	function badPlugin(err) {
+		if ('MODULE_NOT_FOUND' !== err.code) {
+			console.error(err);
+			return;
+		}
+		console.error("Couldn't find '" + pluginName + "'. Is it installed?");
+		console.error("\tnpm install --save-dev '" + pluginName + "'");
+	}
+	try {
+		plugin = require(pluginName);
+	} catch (err) {
+		if (
+			'MODULE_NOT_FOUND' !== err.code ||
+			0 === pluginName.indexOf(pluginPrefix)
+		) {
+			badPlugin(err);
+			process.exit(1);
+		}
+		try {
+			pluginName = pluginPrefix + pluginName;
+			plugin = require(pluginName);
+		} catch (e) {
+			badPlugin(e);
+			process.exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	config.challenger = plugin.create(config.challengeOptions);
+	if (!config.challengeType || !config.domain) {
+		console.error(
+			new Error('Missing config variables. Check you .env and the docs')
+				.message
+		);
+		console.error(config);
+		process.exit(1);
+	}
+
+	var challenges = {};
+	challenges[config.challengeType] = config.challenger;
+
+	async function happyPath(accKty, srvKty, rnd) {
+		var agreed = false;
+		var metadata = await acme.init(
+			'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory'
+		);
+
+		// Ready to use, show page
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('ACME.js initialized');
+			console.info(metadata);
+			console.info();
+			console.info();
+		}
+
+		var accountKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: accKty });
+		if (/EC/i.test(accKty)) {
+			// to test that an existing account gets back data
+			accountKeypair = ecJwk;
+		}
+		var accountKey = accountKeypair.private;
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('Account Key Created');
+			console.info(JSON.stringify(accountKey, null, 2));
+			console.info();
+			console.info();
+		}
+
+		var account = await acme.accounts.create({
+			agreeToTerms: agree,
+			// TODO detect jwk/pem/der?
+			accountKey: accountKey,
+			subscriberEmail: config.email
+		});
+
+		// TODO top-level agree
+		function agree(tos) {
+			if (config.debug) {
+				console.info('Agreeing to Terms of Service:');
+				console.info(tos);
+				console.info();
+				console.info();
+			}
+			agreed = true;
+			return Promise.resolve(agreed);
+		}
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('New Subscriber Account');
+			console.info(JSON.stringify(account, null, 2));
+			console.info();
+			console.info();
+		}
+		if (!agreed) {
+			throw new Error('Failed to ask the user to agree to terms');
+		}
+
+		var certKeypair = await Keypairs.generate({ kty: srvKty });
+		var pem = await Keypairs.export({
+			jwk: certKeypair.private,
+			encoding: 'pem'
+		});
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('Server Key Created');
+			console.info('privkey.jwk.json');
+			console.info(JSON.stringify(certKeypair, null, 2));
+			// This should be saved as `privkey.pem`
+			console.info();
+			console.info('privkey.' + srvKty.toLowerCase() + '.pem:');
+			console.info(pem);
+			console.info();
+		}
+
+		// 'subject' should be first in list
+		var domains = randomDomains(rnd);
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('Get certificates for random domains:');
+			console.info(
+				domains
+					.map(function (puny) {
+						var uni = punycode.toUnicode(puny);
+						if (puny !== uni) {
+							return puny + ' (' + uni + ')';
+						}
+						return puny;
+					})
+					.join('\n')
+			);
+			console.info();
+		}
+
+		// Create CSR
+		var csrDer = await CSR.csr({
+			jwk: certKeypair.private,
+			domains: domains,
+			encoding: 'der'
+		});
+		var csr = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(csrDer);
+		var csrPem = PEM.packBlock({
+			type: 'CERTIFICATE REQUEST',
+			bytes: csrDer /* { jwk: jwk, domains: opts.domains } */
+		});
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('Certificate Signing Request');
+			console.info(csrPem);
+			console.info();
+		}
+
+		var results = await acme.certificates.create({
+			account: account,
+			accountKey: accountKey,
+			csr: csr,
+			domains: domains,
+			challenges: challenges, // must be implemented
+			customerEmail: null
+		});
+
+		if (config.debug) {
+			console.info('Got SSL Certificate:');
+			console.info(Object.keys(results));
+			console.info(results.expires);
+			console.info(results.cert);
+			console.info(results.chain);
+			console.info();
+			console.info();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Try EC + RSA
+	var rnd = random();
+	happyPath('EC', 'RSA', rnd)
+		.then(function () {
+			console.info('PASS: ECDSA account key with RSA server key');
+			// Now try RSA + EC
+			rnd = random();
+			return happyPath('RSA', 'EC', rnd).then(function () {
+				console.info('PASS: RSA account key with ECDSA server key');
+			});
+		})
+		.then(function () {
+			console.info('PASS');
+		})
+		.catch(function (err) {
+			console.error('Error:');
+			console.error(err.stack);
+		});
+
+	function randomDomains(rnd) {
+		return ['foo-acmejs', 'bar-acmejs', '*.baz-acmejs', 'baz-acmejs'].map(
+			function (pre) {
+				return punycode.toASCII(pre + '-' + rnd + '.' + config.domain);
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+	function random() {
+		return (
+			parseInt(Math.random().toString().slice(2, 99), 10)
+				.toString(16)
+				.slice(0, 4) + '例'
+		);
+	}
+};
--- a/tests/maintainer.js
+++ b/tests/maintainer.js
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var native = require('../lib/native.js');
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+
+native
+	._hashcash({
+		alg: 'SHA-256',
+		nonce: '00',
+		needle: '0000',
+		start: 0,
+		end: 2
+	})
+	.then(function (hashcash) {
+		if ('00:76de' !== hashcash) {
+			throw new Error('hashcash algorthim changed');
+		}
+		console.info('PASS: known hash solves correctly');
+
+		return native
+			._hashcash({
+				alg: 'SHA-256',
+				nonce: '10',
+				needle: '',
+				start: 0,
+				end: 2
+			})
+			.then(function (hashcash) {
+				if ('10:00' !== hashcash) {
+					throw new Error('hashcash algorthim changed');
+				}
+				console.info('PASS: empty hash solves correctly');
+
+				var now = Date.now();
+				var nonce = '20';
+				var needle = crypto.randomBytes(3).toString('hex').slice(0, 5);
+				native
+					._hashcash({
+						alg: 'SHA-256',
+						nonce: nonce,
+						needle: needle,
+						start: 0,
+						end: Math.ceil(needle.length / 2)
+					})
+					.then(function (hashcash) {
+						var later = Date.now();
+						var parts = hashcash.split(':');
+						var answer = parts[1];
+						if (parts[0] !== nonce) {
+							throw new Error('incorrect nonce');
+						}
+						var haystack = crypto
+							.createHash('sha256')
+							.update(Buffer.from(nonce + answer, 'hex'))
+							.digest()
+							.slice(0, Math.ceil(needle.length / 2));
+						if (
+							-1 === haystack.indexOf(Buffer.from(needle, 'hex'))
+						) {
+							throw new Error('incorrect solution');
+						}
+						if (later - now > 2000) {
+							throw new Error('took too long to solve');
+						}
+						console.info(
+							'PASS: rando hash solves correctly (and in good time - %dms)',
+							later - now
+						);
+					});
+			});
+	});
--- a/tests/promise.js
+++ b/tests/promise.js
@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 AJ ONeal. All rights reserved
-/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
-'use strict';
-
-/* global Promise */
-module.exports.run = function run(
-	directoryUrl,
-	RSA,
-	web,
-	chType,
-	email,
-	accountKeypair,
-	domainKeypair
-) {
-	var acme2 = require('../').ACME.create({ RSA: RSA });
-	// [ 'test.ppl.family' ] 'coolaj86@gmail.com''http-01'
-	acme2.init(directoryUrl).then(function() {
-		var options = {
-			agreeToTerms: function(tosUrl) {
-				return Promise.resolve(tosUrl);
-			},
-			setChallenge: function(opts) {
-				return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
-					var pathname;
-
-					console.log('');
-					console.log('identifier:');
-					console.log(opts.identifier);
-					console.log('hostname:');
-					console.log(opts.hostname);
-					console.log('type:');
-					console.log(opts.type);
-					console.log('token:');
-					console.log(opts.token);
-					console.log('thumbprint:');
-					console.log(opts.thumbprint);
-					console.log('keyAuthorization:');
-					console.log(opts.keyAuthorization);
-					console.log('dnsAuthorization:');
-					console.log(opts.dnsAuthorization);
-					console.log('');
-
-					if ('http-01' === opts.type) {
-						pathname =
-							opts.hostname +
-							acme2.challengePrefixes['http-01'] +
-							'/' +
-							opts.token;
-						console.log(
-							"Put the string '" +
-								opts.keyAuthorization +
-								"' into a file at '" +
-								pathname +
-								"'"
-						);
-						console.log(
-							"echo '" + opts.keyAuthorization + "' > '" + pathname + "'"
-						);
-					} else if ('dns-01' === opts.type) {
-						pathname =
-							acme2.challengePrefixes['dns-01'] +
-							'.' +
-							opts.hostname.replace(/^\*\./, '');
-						console.log(
-							"Put the string '" +
-								opts.dnsAuthorization +
-								"' into the TXT record '" +
-								pathname +
-								"'"
-						);
-						console.log(
-							'dig TXT ' + pathname + " '" + opts.dnsAuthorization + "'"
-						);
-					} else {
-						reject(new Error('[acme-v2] unrecognized challenge type'));
-						return;
-					}
-					console.log("\nThen hit the 'any' key to continue...");
-
-					function onAny() {
-						console.log("'any' key was hit");
-						process.stdin.pause();
-						process.stdin.removeListener('data', onAny);
-						process.stdin.setRawMode(false);
-						resolve();
-						return;
-					}
-
-					process.stdin.setRawMode(true);
-					process.stdin.resume();
-					process.stdin.on('data', onAny);
-				});
-			},
-			removeChallenge: function(opts) {
-				console.log(
-					'[acme-v2] remove challenge',
-					opts.hostname,
-					opts.keyAuthorization
-				);
-				return new Promise(function(resolve) {
-					// hostname, key
-					setTimeout(resolve, 1 * 1000);
-				});
-			},
-			challengeType: chType,
-			email: email,
-			accountKeypair: accountKeypair,
-			domainKeypair: domainKeypair,
-			domains: web
-		};
-
-		acme2.accounts.create(options).then(function(account) {
-			console.log('[acme-v2] account:');
-			console.log(account);
-
-			acme2.certificates.create(options).then(function(fullchainPem) {
-				console.log('[acme-v2] fullchain.pem:');
-				console.log(fullchainPem);
-			});
-		});
-	});
-};
--- a/utils.js
+++ b/utils.js
@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var U = module.exports;
+
+var Keypairs = require('@root/keypairs');
+var UserAgent = require('./lib/node/client-user-agent.js');
+
+// Handle nonce, signing, and request altogether
+U._jwsRequest = function (me, bigopts) {
+	return U._getNonce(me).then(function (nonce) {
+		bigopts.protected.nonce = nonce;
+		bigopts.protected.url = bigopts.url;
+		// protected.alg: added by Keypairs.signJws
+		if (bigopts.protected.jwk) {
+			bigopts.protected.kid = false;
+		} else if (!('kid' in bigopts.protected)) {
+			// protected.kid must be provided according to ACME's interpretation of the spec
+			// (using the provided URL rather than the Key's Thumbprint as Key ID)
+			bigopts.protected.kid = bigopts.kid;
+		}
+
+		// this will shasum the thumbprint the 2nd time
+		return Keypairs.signJws({
+			jwk: bigopts.accountKey,
+			protected: bigopts.protected,
+			payload: bigopts.payload
+		})
+			.then(function (jws) {
+				//#console.debug('[ACME.js] url: ' + bigopts.url + ':');
+				//#console.debug(jws);
+				return U._request(me, { url: bigopts.url, json: jws });
+			})
+			.catch(function (e) {
+				if (/badNonce$/.test(e.urn)) {
+					// retry badNonces
+					var retryable = bigopts._retries >= 2;
+					if (!retryable) {
+						bigopts._retries = (bigopts._retries || 0) + 1;
+						return U._jwsRequest(me, bigopts);
+					}
+				}
+				throw e;
+			});
+	});
+};
+
+U._getNonce = function (me) {
+	var nonce;
+	while (true) {
+		nonce = me._nonces.shift();
+		if (!nonce) {
+			break;
+		}
+		if (Date.now() - nonce.createdAt > 15 * 60 * 1000) {
+			nonce = null;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (nonce) {
+		return Promise.resolve(nonce.nonce);
+	}
+
+	// HEAD-as-HEAD ok
+	return U._request(me, {
+		method: 'HEAD',
+		url: me._directoryUrls.newNonce
+	}).then(function (resp) {
+		return resp.headers['replay-nonce'];
+	});
+};
+
+// Handle some ACME-specific defaults
+U._request = function (me, opts) {
+	// no-op on browser
+	var ua = UserAgent.get(me, opts);
+
+	// Note: the required User-Agent string will be set in node, but not browsers
+	if (!opts.headers) {
+		opts.headers = {};
+	}
+
+	if (ua && !opts.headers['User-Agent']) {
+		opts.headers['User-Agent'] = ua;
+	}
+	if (opts.json) {
+		opts.headers.Accept = 'application/json';
+		if (true !== opts.json) {
+			opts.body = JSON.stringify(opts.json);
+		}
+		if (/*opts.jose ||*/ opts.json.protected) {
+			opts.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/jose+json';
+		}
+	}
+	if (!opts.method) {
+		opts.method = 'GET';
+		if (opts.body) {
+			opts.method = 'POST';
+		}
+	}
+
+	//console.log('\n[debug] REQUEST');
+	//console.log(opts);
+	return me.__request(opts).then(function (resp) {
+		if (resp.toJSON) {
+			resp = resp.toJSON();
+		}
+		if (resp.headers['replay-nonce']) {
+			U._setNonce(me, resp.headers['replay-nonce']);
+		}
+		//console.log('[debug] RESPONSE:');
+		//console.log(resp.headers);
+		//console.log(resp.body);
+
+		var e;
+		var err;
+		if (resp.body) {
+			err = resp.body.error;
+			e = new Error('');
+			if (400 === resp.body.status) {
+				err = { type: resp.body.type, detail: resp.body.detail };
+			}
+			if (err) {
+				e.status = resp.body.status;
+				e.code = 'E_ACME';
+				if (e.status) {
+					e.message = '[' + e.status + '] ';
+				}
+				e.detail = err.detail;
+				e.message += err.detail || JSON.stringify(err);
+				e.urn = err.type;
+				e.uri = resp.body.url;
+				e._rawError = err;
+				e._rawBody = resp.body;
+				throw e;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return resp;
+	});
+};
+
+U._setNonce = function (me, nonce) {
+	me._nonces.unshift({ nonce: nonce, createdAt: Date.now() });
+};
+
+U._importKeypair = function (key) {
+	var p;
+	var pub;
+
+	if (key && key.kty) {
+		// nix the browser jwk extras
+		key.key_ops = undefined;
+		key.ext = undefined;
+		pub = Keypairs.neuter({ jwk: key });
+		p = Promise.resolve({
+			private: key,
+			public: pub
+		});
+	} else if ('string' === typeof key) {
+		p = Keypairs.import({ pem: key });
+	} else {
+		throw new Error('no private key given');
+	}
+
+	return p.then(function (pair) {
+		if (pair.public.kid) {
+			pair = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(pair));
+			delete pair.public.kid;
+			delete pair.private.kid;
+		}
+		return pair;
+	});
+};
--- a/webpack.config.js
+++ b/webpack.config.js
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var path = require('path');
+
+module.exports = {
+	entry: './examples/app.js',
+	//entry: './acme.js',
+	output: {
+		path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
+		filename: 'app.js'
+		//filename: 'acme.js',
+		//library: '@root/acme',
+		//libraryTarget: 'umd'
+		//globalObject: "typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : this"
+	},
+	resolve: {
+		aliasFields: ['webpack', 'browser'],
+		mainFields: ['browser', 'main']
+	}
+};
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`// there is no nonce response body, see the headers`